Sociolinguistics - Lesson 3

______ typically refers to the regional or social variation in pronunciation of a language.

Example: In British English:

Sam (north of England): ’ave you seen ’enry’s new ’ouse?

Jim (south of England): Henry has a new house?

• Accent

• Dialect

• Idiolect

• Percent

______ refers to the variation in vocabulary and/or grammar and phonology relating to geographic location.

Example: Scottish English vs. Irish English and Swiss German vs. Austrian German.

• Regional Dialect

• Regional Lingo

• Regional Jargon

• Regional Accent

______ refers to the variation in pronunciation relating to geographic location.

Example: Northern British English: /gras/ and southern British English: /gra:s/.

• Regional Dialect

• Regional Lingo

• Regional Jargon

• Regional Accent

_____ refers to the boundary which distinguishes an area on a map where a certain linguistic feature is found from areas in which it is absent.

• Idiolect

• Syntax
• Isogloss
• Dialect

_____ typically refers to the variation in pronunciation relating to social background.

Example: As soon as she said “grass”, I knew she had been to a private school.

• Social pronunciation

• Social intonation

• Social accent

• Social dialect

_____ typically refers to the variation in language (pronunciation, vocabulary and/or grammar) relating to the speaker’s social background.

Example: Working-class Cockney; language used by Brahmin in India; and variety used by a “Boston Brahman” = a descendant of an old New England family.

• Social pronunciation

• Social intonation

• Social accent

• Social dialect

In Sociolinguistics, the term '_____' refers to the type of informal, vernacular vocabulary (which is subject to rapid change).

Example: That’s really naff/mingen = that’s really bad; and sweet/choice = good.

• accent

• jargon
• slang
• dialect

Features of language (pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary) used by one gender but not by other genders in a community. These are called _____.

Example:

Japanese men use: oyaji (father), hara (stomach) and umai (delicious).

Japanese women use: lotoosan (father), onaka (stomach) and oishii (delicious).

• Gender-exclusive speech forms

• Gender-inclusive speech forms

• Gender-additive speech forms

• Gender-subtractive speech forms

_____ typically refers to an individual’s desire not to be imposed upon nor impeded in action.

Example: Your need to not have others expect you to join in activities you don’t like.

• Positive face needs

• Negative face needs

• Neutral face needs

• Preferential face needs

_____ typically refers to an individual’s need to maintain a positive self-image and sense of belonging, and of being appreciated by others.

Example: The need to have your group membership acknowledged by others; the need to have others approve of your choice of clothes.

• Positive face needs

• Negative face needs

• Neutral face needs

• Preferential face needs