Chromosomes and Karyotypes

What are chromosomes made of?

• RNA and protein

• Nucleotides and enzymes

• DNA and protein

• Lipids and carbohydrates

Answer explanation

Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein, which are essential components for genetic information storage and structural support.

What is the function of histones in chromosomes?

• To replicate DNA

• To wind DNA into nucleosomes

• To transcribe RNA

• To break down proteins

Answer explanation

Histones function to wind DNA into nucleosomes, which are the basic units of chromatin structure.

How many chromosomes do humans have in their body cells?

• 23

• 46

• 92

• 44

Answer explanation

Humans have 46 chromosomes in their body cells, making the correct answer choice 46.

During which stage of mitosis are chromosomes typically karyotyped?

• Telophase

• Anaphase

• Metaphase

• Prophase

Answer explanation

Chromosomes are typically karyotyped during the metaphase stage of mitosis, where they align along the equatorial plate for easy visualization and analysis.

What is a karyotype?

• A type of cell division

• An image of all chromosomes in a cell

• A protein that binds DNA

• A phase in the cell cycle

Answer explanation

A karyotype is an image of all chromosomes in a cell, showing the number, size, and shape of chromosomes. It is not a type of cell division, a protein that binds DNA, or a phase in the cell cycle.

How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?

• 23

• 22

• 44

• 46

Answer explanation

Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes, totaling 44 autosomes in total. Therefore, the correct answer is 22.

What determines the biological sex of a human?

• The amount of DNA

• The presence of X and Y chromosomes

• The number of chromosomes

• The type of histones

Answer explanation

The biological sex of a human is determined by the presence of X and Y chromosomes.

What is the term for a cell with two sets of chromosomes?

• Haploid

• Diploid

• Triploid

• Tetraploid

Answer explanation

A cell with two sets of chromosomes is termed as diploid. Diploid cells have double the number of chromosomes compared to haploid cells.

What is the role of a genetic counselor?

• To perform surgeries

• To advise on genetic disorders

• To study bacteria

• To diagnose diseases

Answer explanation

The role of a genetic counselor is to advise on genetic disorders, not to perform surgeries, study bacteria, or diagnose diseases.

What is the significance of homologous chromosomes?

• They determine the number of chromosomes

• They are identical copies

• They contain the same types of genes

• They are found only in bacteria

Answer explanation

Homologous chromosomes contain the same types of genes, allowing for genetic variation and recombination during meiosis.