Islamic Morality - Al-Ghazzālī’s Exposition

What is the main concern of al-Ghazzālī’s life as extracted from the statement in Kimiya al-Sa‘Édah?

• Social status

• Worldly influence

• Material possessions

• Spiritual enlightenment

According to al-Ghazzālī, what is the soul's origin and its longing?

• Originated from self and longs for power

• Originated from divine and longs for spiritual enlightenment

• Originated from nature and longs for material wealth

• Originated from society and longs for fame

What is the function of the spirit according to al-Nasafi?

• To analyze thoughts

• To create desires

• To control emotions

• To govern the body

What is the main effect of al-nafs al-ammarah bi al-su’ according to al-Qur’an?

• Paralyze the cognitive process

• Enhance cognitive abilities

• Improve physical health

• Boost emotional intelligence

What is the state of al-nafs al-mutma’innah as described in Surah al-Fajr?

• Misguided and heedless

• Constant awareness

• Peace and satisfaction

• Negligence and sordidness

According to al-Ghazzālī, what is the main concern of ethics?

• Pursuing material wealth

• Well-being in the hereafter

• Gaining knowledge for worldly influence

• Achieving success in this world

What are the various dimensions of man's inner self mentioned in the text?

• Ruh, qalb, nafs, `aql

• Conscious, subconscious, unconscious, superconscious

• Body, mind, soul, spirit

• Physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual

What is the function of the spirit according to al-Nasafi?

• To provide emotional stability

• To enhance intellectual abilities

• To govern the body

• To control the physical body

What is the term used in the text to denote human psyche?

• Nafs

• `Aql

• Qalb

• Ruh

What is the downward dimension of the soul according to Al-Ghazzālī?

• The soul that blames

• The soul at peace

• The animal soul

• The universal soul