Kalam and Leibniz

Who proposed the Kalam Cosmological Argument (KCA)?

• Buddhist philosophers in the Middle Ages

• Hindu philosophers in the Middle Ages

• Christian philosophers in the Middle Ages

• Muslim philosophers in the Middle Ages

Which American philosopher is known for popularizing the KCA in the 20th century?

• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

• William Lane Craig

• Edwin Hubble

• John Hick

What does the first premise (P1) of the KCA state?

• The universe has a beginning

• Everything that has a beginning has a cause

• The cause of the universe is God

• The universe has a cause

What scientific theory in the 20th century helped popularize the KCA?

• Quantum Mechanics

• Theory of Relativity

• Big Bang Theory

• String Theory

What principle did Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz propose to avoid the problem of infinite regression?

• Principle of Uncertainty

• Principle of Sufficient Reason

• Principle of Relativity

• Principle of Causality

According to Leibniz, what does the Principle of Sufficient Reason state?

• The universe has a beginning

• Everything has a sufficient reason

• The universe has no cause

• Everything has a cause

In which book did Leibniz put forward the Cosmological Argument?

• Summa Theologica

• Critique of Pure Reason

• Principia Mathematica

• Theodicy

What does Leibniz mean by a 'sufficient reason'?

• A partial explanation

• A complete explanation

• A scientific explanation

• A religious explanation

What do critics of the Cosmological Argument need to suggest if they claim God was not the cause of the Big Bang?

• The universe has no beginning

• The universe is eternal

• The universe has no cause

• What the cause was

How comfortable are you feeling with the content so far for Advanced Higher RMPS at this stage?

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