Biology Transport Systems

What is the main function of the cell membrane in transport processes?

• Store genetic information

• Generate energy for the cell

• Regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell

• Maintain cell shape

What are the two main types of transport proteins involved in cell membrane transport?

• Facilitator proteins and pump proteins

• Enzyme proteins and structural proteins

• Carrier proteins and channel proteins

• Transport proteins and receptor proteins

Explain the difference between xylem and phloem in plants.

• Xylem transports sugars, phloem transports water and minerals.

• Xylem and phloem are both involved in photosynthesis.

• Xylem and phloem have the same function in plants.

• Xylem transports water and minerals, phloem transports sugars.

How does active transport differ from passive transport?

• Active transport is faster than passive transport.

• Active transport moves molecules from low to high concentration, while passive transport moves molecules from high to low concentration.

• Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.

• Active transport occurs through channels in the cell membrane, while passive transport occurs through carrier proteins.

Give an example of a process that utilizes active transport in cells.

• Sodium-potassium pump

• Facilitated diffusion

• Endocytosis

• Osmosis

Define osmosis and explain how it affects cell volume.

• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration.

• Osmosis only affects cell volume by changing the color of the cell, not its size.

• Osmosis is the movement of solutes across a semipermeable membrane, not water.

• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This affects cell volume by causing water to move into or out of the cell, changing its size.

What is the role of aquaporins in osmosis?

• Aquaporins decrease the permeability of cell membranes to water during osmosis

• Aquaporins are not involved in osmosis

• Aquaporins prevent water movement during osmosis

• Aquaporins play a crucial role in increasing the permeability of cell membranes to water during osmosis.

How does water move through a plant from roots to leaves?

• Osmosis, xylem vessels, capillary action, transpiration, stomata

• Photosynthesis, phloem vessels, evaporation, absorption, chloroplasts

What is the driving force behind passive transport processes?

• Pressure gradient

• Osmosis gradient

• Temperature gradient

• Concentration gradient

Describe the process of facilitated diffusion in cell membrane transport.

• Facilitated diffusion occurs through simple diffusion without the need for specific proteins

• Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that requires energy input from the cell

• Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient

• Facilitated diffusion involves the use of specific proteins in the cell membrane to assist in the movement of molecules across the membrane from high to low concentration.