4.3 and 4.4 Second Industrial Revolution

Identify two major effects of new technology on business during the Industrial Revolution.

• Production became faster and less expensive.

• Workers made more money and worked fewer hours.

• The streets were less traveled and cleaner.

• Fewer goods were manufactured and sold.

Why did big business emerge during the Industrial Revolution?

• Competition between businesses became unnecessary.

• Labor unions demanded and won higher wages.

• New technologies required the investment of more capital.

• Governments passed laws regulating monopolies.

How did city life change during the last 1800s and the early 1900s?

• Neighborhoods became more crowded.

• Improved sanitation slowed the spread of disease.

• Urban workers began to move to the suburbs.

• Standards of living fell as wages dropped.

Which development helped improve working conditions in many mines and factories?

Louis Pasteur helped improve public health by

• finding a cure for tuberculosis.

• improving conditions in hospitals.

• encouraging new surgical practices.

• applying germ theory to combat disease.

How did realism reflect the culture of the Industrial Age?

• Realism portrayed the social ills brought about by industrialization.

• Realism emphasized the importance of reason and restraint.

• Realism depicted the important achievements of the Industrial Revolution.

• Realism celebrated the growing middle class and its beliefs and values.

Which value most shaped middle class home life during the later Industrial Revolution?

• laissez-faire economics

• social Darwinism

What was one way that working-class women differed from middle-class women?

• They were expected to take care of the home and children.

• They often worked outside the home in factories.

• They supported temperance and the women’s suffrage movement.

• They enjoyed greater financial independence.

Why were the theories of Charles Darwin controversial?

• They challenged long-held beliefs about human life.

• They proved that the Earth was older than previously thought.

• They disproved notions of racial superiority.

• They supported Marxist ideas about class struggle.

What was one effect of the industrial Revolution on education?

• All women went to high school and college.

• Universities began stressing science and engineering.

• Children from every social class were required to go to school.

  
  

• The literacy rate sharply decreased.