Sleep CH7

Which of the following is true of sleep?

• It follows a circadian rhythm of REM and NREM sleep

• It follows a circadian rhythm and involves an ultradian rhythm

• As we age, we require a greater proportion of REM sleep in comparison to NREM sleep

• It involves four stages of REM sleep

An Ultradian rhythm

• is a physical, mental and behavioural patterns that follow a 24 hour cycle

• largely relates to light and dark cycles

• determines when we are most alert during the day

• is a recurrent cycle that is repeated withing a 24 hour cycle

Meghan was in NREM stage 2 sleep when her alarm rang at 6 am. She woke up instantly, refreshed and ready for the day.

If Meghan were attached to an EEG, which of the following changes to her brain waves would be likely to be observed when she woke up compared to just before waking?

• an increase in frequency and a decrease in amplitude

• a decrease in frequency and an increase in amplitude

• no change in amplitude

• no change in frequency

Meghan was in NREM stage 2 sleep when her alarm rang at 6 am. She woke up instantly, refreshed and ready for the day.

When Meghan was in stage 2 sleep, compared to when she was awake, it is likely that

• her awareness of her external environment would be increased

• an EMG would show high frequency, high amplitude waves

• an EOG would show low frequency, high amplitude waves

• her awareness of her external environment would be decreased

Meghan was in NREM stage 2 sleep when her alarm rang at 6 am. She woke up instantly, refreshed and ready for the day.

If Meghan's alarm had run after she had been asleep for only a couple of hours, it is likely that

• she would wake easily as she would still be in the first sleep cycle

• it would be difficult to wake her as she is likely to be in NREM stage 1 sleep

• it would be difficult to wake her as she is likely to be in NREM stage 3 sleep

• It would be difficult to wake her as she is likely to be in REM sleep

Comparing a person's sleep-wake circadian rhythm to their ultradian rhythm of REM and NREM sleep, it can be said that

• both occur once in approximately a 24 hour period

• both occur more than once in approximately a 24 hour period

• ultradian rhythms occur approximately once in a 24 hour period but circadian rhythms occur more frequently

• circadian rhythms occur approximately once in a 24 hour period but ultradian rhythms occur more frequently

Eman has recently graduated from her nursing degree and has started a job at her local hospital. Eman has been told that she will be working night shifts and that she should be aware of the impacts that these shifts can have on her circadian rhythm and sleep wake cycle.

A circadian rhythm is

• a biological recurrent period of cycle repeated throughout a 24 hour period

• a 24 hour biological cycle which controls many biological rhythms

• a biological rhythm with a period longer than one cycle in 24 hours

• a psychological rhythm, which controls the sleep-wake cycle

Which of the following best describes the changes in brain activity during NREM stage 3 sleep?

• High frequency, low amplitude brain waves

• Low frequency, high amplitude brain waves

• Mixed frequency, low amplitude brain waves

• High frequency, high amplitude brain waves

What is the primary function of melatonin in the sleep-wake cycle?

• To increase alertness

• To regulate the timing of sleep

• To stimulate muscle activity

• To enhance memory formation

A hormone released by the pineal gland that increases feelings of relaxation and tiredness

• dopamine

• melatonin

• SCN

• serotonin