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Cell component of innate immunity defense is:

• Macrophages

• B-cells

• T-cells

• Normal antibodies

• Erythrocytes

The cell wall of Gram positive bacteria is composed of:

• Thin peptidoglycan layer

• Thick peptidoglycan layer

• Nucleic acids

• Outer membrane with lipopolysaccharide

• Periplasmic space

The cell wall of Gram negative bacteria contains:

• Inorganic components

• Thin peptidoglycan layer

• Teichoic & lipoteichoic acids

• Thick peptidoglycan layer

• Nucleic acids

Agglutination reaction in tubes

• Is interaction between specific antibody and soluble antigen resulting in formation of clumps

• Is interaction between specific antibody and particulate antigen resulting in formation of sediment

• Is interaction between specific antibody and cytokine resulting in formation of clumps

• Positive result - formation of insoluble ring precipitate

• Negative result - hemolysis

Slide agglutination reaction

• Is a reaction of specific antibody with a soluble antigen resulting in formation of precipitate

• Is a reaction of specific antibody with a particulate antigen resulting in formation of clumps

• Negative result - formation of clumps

• Positive result - change of color

• Positive result - hemolysis

Transformation as the mechanism for gene transfer

• Accomplishes several types of transfer for genes from donor cell into recipient cell

• Is mediated by the temperate bacteriophages

• Involves uptake of fragments of free DNA by competent cells

• Depends on the presence of a conjugative plasmid in the donor cell

• Requires viable donor cells

Active immunity refers

• To the protection based on the production of specific antibodies by the host after immunization or infectious disease

• To the protection based on activity of NK-cells

• To the protection based on the transfer of preformed cytokines

• Provides short-term protection

• To protection based on the transfer of preformed specific antibodies

Obligate aerobes are bacteria

• Which can produce energy from glucose by fermentation

• In which the final acceptor is organic substance

• Which require the presence of molecular oxygen for growth

• In which the final electron acceptor is nitrogen

• Which can proliferate regardless of presence of oxygen

Humoral components of innate (nonspecific) immunity defense is:

• Complement system proteins

• Insulin

• Macrophages

• Bacteriophages

• Endotoxin

Passive immunity refers

• To the protection based on the transfer of preformed specific antibodies

• To the protection based on the transfer of preformed cell-mediated immunity

• To the protection based on the transfer of preformed cytokines

• Provides local immunity

• Provides long-term protection