Second Language Acquisition Quiz

What did Slobin’s list of maxims help explain in L1 grammar learning?

• Sound changes

• Synonyms

• Syntax development

• None of the above

Which study demonstrated that fossilization can occur even in advanced learners?

• The study of GE

• The case of Alberto

• Patty's language development

• Pienemann's research on learner readiness

Which term describes a learner's reorganization of grammar knowledge, potentially modifying their existing knowledge structures drastically?

• Fossilization

• Restructuring

• U-shaped behavior

• Learner readiness

What advantage do instructed learners typically have over uninstructed learners?

• More advanced fossilization stages

• Faster progress and higher accuracy

• Less need for language immersion

• Greater reliance on natural language acquisition

What did Huebner's study of Ge demonstrate in terms of language acquisition?

• Permanent lack of progression beyond a basic level

• Regular and predictable acquisition of the English article system

• Varied phases of restructuring in the acquisition of the English article system

• A linear progression towards English article mastery

Fossilization, in L2 acquisition, refers to what?

• The consolidation of language skills over time

• The process by which language learners refine their grammatical representations

• A permanent lack of mastery of a target language despite adequate learning conditions

• The shifting of a language learner back to original language habits

What is U-shaped behavior in language learning?

• A consistent increase in language accuracy

• A decline in language ability after initial instruction

• The appearance of nativelike forms which later deteriorate but eventually re-emerge

• The permanent cessation of language learning

What did Kellerman (1985) suggest about language learner progress?

• Learners do not need to exceed success to continue learning

• Learners must exceed initial success and may appear less proficient as they restructure their knowledge

• Progress is always a straight line toward increased accuracy

• Excessive practice can lead to fossilization

What characterizes the linguistic system of non-native speakers before they fully acquire the target language?

• Interlanguage

• Multilanguage

• Bilingualism

• Multilingualism

Formula-based learning initially involves the use of language in:

• An analyzed manner

• A complex manner

• An unanalyzed fashion

• A fully understood manner