WHII Final Exam Review

Which statement describes how members of the working class benefitted from industrialization?

• Wealthy landowners supported reform and called for better government.

• Tax revenues were used to redistribute wealth and erase class distinctions.

• Prices declined, and a greater variety of goods were available to consumers.

• Farmland was converted to recreational use, and vacations became common.

During the Industrial Revolution, countries became more economically reliant on one another because of which development?

• population growth

• greater specialization

• rising standards of living

• increased use of machinery

Which effect of the Industrial Revolution is shown in this image?

• the urbanization of society

• the growth of the middle class

• the efficient use of natural resources

• the decreased importance of skilled labor

“As every individual . . . endeavours as much as he can both to employ his capital in the support of domestic industry,and so to direct that industry . . . in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only hisown gain, and he is . . . led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention . . . . By pursuinghis own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it.” —Adam Smith,The Wealth of Nations, 1776

Based on this excerpt, why did Smith believe that the “invisible hand” benefits society?

• It favors more government involvement to keep prices low.

• It results in a conflict between individual interests and society’s needs.

• It increases efficiency and protects a country’s industries against foreign competition.

• It allows industries to serve their own interests and serve the public at the same time.

What did Marx believe workers needed to ensure economic fairness?

• the privileges of the bourgeoisie

• control over the means of production

• permission to perform socialist experiments

• the assistance of counterrevolutionary forces

How did people inspired by utopian socialism respond to the situation shown in the image?

• They successfully enacted new workplace safety standards for factories.

• They suggested ways workers could gain higher wages from factory owners.

• They created their own communities where people could work on varied tasks.

• They discouraged workers from boycotting companies that treated workers poorly.

Which philosophy advocated some government regulation as a way to benefit the economy?

• Methodism

• laissez-faire capitalism

• progressivism

• social Darwinism

List of Demands

Universal suffrage

Equal electoral districts

Secret ballots for voting

Annual elections

Payment for members of the legislature

Abolition of property requirements for holding office

Who made the demands on this list?

• revolutionaries seeking to unify Italy

• Austrian aristocrats seeking to retain their power

• liberals seeking reform in Great Britain

• French revolutionaries seeking to aid peasants

?

Shift in power from local lords to imperial government

Creation of a national bureaucracy

Reforms aimed at industrializing the economy and improving infrastructure

New laws establishing a public education system

Which title best replaces the question mark above the list?

• the Harris Treaty

• the Meiji Restoration

• the Chartist movement

• the Congress of Vienna

Which factor was the most significant obstacle to the unification of Italy?

• foreign control of Italian territories

• hostile ethnic groups throughout Italy

• Italy’s military losses to Prussia and France

• disagreements among Italian nationalist and democratic groups