ENGLISH GRADE 10

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late eighteenth century, transformed society by ushering in a period of rapid industrialization and technological advancement. It marked a shift from agrarian and rural economies to industrial and urban ones. One of the key developments during this time was the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1775, which revolutionized transportation and manufacturing processes.

Factories emerged as the primary centres of production, leading to the mass production of goods. This, coupled with advancements in transportation such as the steam-powered locomotive and the steamship, facilitated the distribution of goods over long distances. The Industrial Revolution also saw significant changes in social and economic structures, including the rise of capitalism, the growth of urban centres, and the emergence of a working-class labour force.

While the Industrial Revolution brought about unprecedented economic growth and technological innovation, it also had negative consequences such as environmental pollution, harsh working conditions in factories, and widening economic disparities between the wealthy industrialists and the working class.

Why did factories become the primary centres of production during the Industrial Revolution?

• Due to the availability of skilled labour in rural areas

• To support the growth of agrarian economies

• Because of the decline in urban populations

• To facilitate mass production of goods

• Because of government regulations

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late eighteenth century, transformed society by ushering in a period of rapid industrialization and technological advancement. It marked a shift from agrarian and rural economies to industrial and urban ones. One of the key developments during this time was the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1775, which revolutionized transportation and manufacturing processes.

Factories emerged as the primary centres of production, leading to the mass production of goods. This, coupled with advancements in transportation such as the steam-powered locomotive and the steamship, facilitated the distribution of goods over long distances. The Industrial Revolution also saw significant changes in social and economic structures, including the rise of capitalism, the growth of urban centres, and the emergence of a working-class labour force.

While the Industrial Revolution brought about unprecedented economic growth and technological innovation, it also had negative consequences such as environmental pollution, harsh working conditions in factories, and widening economic disparities between the wealthy industrialists and the working class.

Who were the key beneficiaries of the economic and technological advancements in the Industrial Revolution era?

• agricultural worker

• industrialists

• aristocrats

• soldiers

• artists

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late eighteenth century, transformed society by ushering in a period of rapid industrialization and technological advancement. It marked a shift from agrarian and rural economies to industrial and urban ones. One of the key developments during this time was the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1775, which revolutionized transportation and manufacturing processes.

Factories emerged as the primary centres of production, leading to the mass production of goods. This, coupled with advancements in transportation such as the steam-powered locomotive and the steamship, facilitated the distribution of goods over long distances. The Industrial Revolution also saw significant changes in social and economic structures, including the rise of capitalism, the growth of urban centres, and the emergence of a working-class labour force.

While the Industrial Revolution brought about unprecedented economic growth and technological innovation, it also had negative consequences such as environmental pollution, harsh working conditions in factories, and widening economic disparities between the wealthy industrialists and the working class.

The word 'this time' in the sentence refers to ...

• the late 18th century

• the Industrial Revolution

• the industrial and urban ones

• the period of rapid industrialization

• the era of technological advancement

A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, cell phone, or cellular telephone) is a very small portable radio telephone.

The first mobile phone networks were created in the late 1970s in Japan. A cell phone combines technologies, mainly telephone, radio, and computer. Cell phones work as two-way radios. They send electromagnetic microwaves from base station to base station. The waves are sent through antennas. This is called wireless communication.

There are different kinds of phones. A flip phone flips open, and is best for calling. A bar phone is shaped like a candy bar, and the keys and screen are on one face. A slate phone is a phone that has almost no buttons, and uses a touchscreen. Most smartphones are slates. A slider phone slides on rails. It can slide out number keys or a mini keyboard, but some do both. A swivel spins on an axle.

Many 21st century mobile phones are smartphones. These phones can be used for email, browsing the internet, playing music and games, and many other functions that computers can perform. This is because mobile phones basically are small computers. Older phones also used computer technology, but lacked many of the parts of a computer that were too big to fit into a phone. Modern phone makers have been able to use smaller parts. Most smartphones are also GPS receivers and digital cameras.

What phone uses touchscreen?

• A flip phone

• A bar phone

• A slide phone

• A slate phone

• A swivel phone

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late eighteenth century, transformed society by ushering in a period of rapid industrialization and technological advancement. It marked a shift from agrarian and rural economies to industrial and urban ones. One of the key developments during this time was the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1775, which revolutionized transportation and manufacturing processes.

Factories emerged as the primary centres of production, leading to the mass production of goods. This, coupled with advancements in transportation such as the steam-powered locomotive and the steamship, facilitated the distribution of goods over long distances. The Industrial Revolution also saw significant changes in social and economic structures, including the rise of capitalism, the growth of urban centres, and the emergence of a working-class labour force.

While the Industrial Revolution brought about unprecedented economic growth and technological innovation, it also had negative consequences such as environmental pollution, harsh working conditions in factories, and widening economic disparities between the wealthy industrialists and the working class.

Which of the following is a synonym for 'consequences' in the sentence? '... it also had negative consequences such as environmental pollution, ...'

• Events

• Causes

• Origins

• Outcomes

• Beginnings

A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, cell phone, or cellular telephone) is a very small portable radio telephone.

The first mobile phone networks were created in the late 1970s in Japan. A cell phone combines technologies, mainly telephone, radio, and computer. Cell phones work as two-way radios. They send electromagnetic microwaves from base station to base station. The waves are sent through antennas. This is called wireless communication.

There are different kinds of phones. A flip phone flips open, and is best for calling. A bar phone is shaped like a candy bar, and the keys and screen are on one face. A slate phone is a phone that has almost no buttons, and uses a touchscreen. Most smartphones are slates. A slider phone slides on rails. It can slide out number keys or a mini keyboard, but some do both. A swivel spins on an axle.

Many 21st century mobile phones are smartphones. These phones can be used for email, browsing the internet, playing music and games, and many other functions that computers can perform. This is because mobile phones basically are small computers. Older phones also used computer technology, but lacked many of the parts of a computer that were too big to fit into a phone. Modern phone makers have been able to use smaller parts. Most smartphones are also GPS receivers and digital cameras.

Which statement is not true based on the text?

• Cell phones send electromagnetic microwaves from base station to base station

• Most smartphones are also GPS receivers and digital cameras

• Mobile phone networks were invented in 1970s in Japan

• Most bar phones have keys and screen are on one face

• A smart phone can be used to communicate only

A tornado is a powerful, twisting wind storm. It is one of the most destructive storms on earth. A tornado is also called a waterspout.

A tornado is a long cloud which comes down from the sky. It is shaped like a tunnel and consists of wind which whirls around and around extremely fast. In fact, the wind can reach a speed of more than 900 km per hour.

Most tornadoes form a long a front (boundary) between cool, dry air and warm, humid air. Weather scientists are unable to know exactly when tornados will occur. Fortunately, the tornado is not usually very big and it does not last long.

Which statement is true according to the text?

• A tornado is predictable when it will occur

• A tornado will not damage anything

• A tornado may last for hours

• A tornado twists very fast

• A tornado is harmless

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late eighteenth century, transformed society by ushering in a period of rapid industrialization and technological advancement. It marked a shift from agrarian and rural economies to industrial and urban ones. One of the key developments during this time was the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1775, which revolutionized transportation and manufacturing processes.

Factories emerged as the primary centres of production, leading to the mass production of goods. This, coupled with advancements in transportation such as the steam-powered locomotive and the steamship, facilitated the distribution of goods over long distances. The Industrial Revolution also saw significant changes in social and economic structures, including the rise of capitalism, the growth of urban centres, and the emergence of a working-class labour force.

While the Industrial Revolution brought about unprecedented economic growth and technological innovation, it also had negative consequences such as environmental pollution, harsh working conditions in factories, and widening economic disparities between the wealthy industrialists and the working class.

Which is the main idea of the second paragraph about The Industrial Revolution?

• It was characterized by the exploitation of workers in factories and industries.

• It primarily focused on the growth of urban centres and the rise of capitalism.

• Its main focus was the development of steam-powered locomotives and steamships.

• It brought about significant social and economic changes, including the establishment of labour unions.

• It led to the emergence of factories and advancements in transportation, resulting in the mass production and distribution of goods.

The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, 17 August 1945.

The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia’s independence in 1949. The Netherlands declared that they had decided to accept de facto 17 August 1945 as Indonesia’s independence date. The United Nations, who mediated in the conflict, formally acknowledge the date of independence as 27 December 1949.

The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day.

What is the text discussed about?

• The Indonesian National Revolution

• The date of Indonesian independence

• The declaration of independence's day

• The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence

• The appointment of Sukarno as Indonesian president

A tornado is a powerful, twisting wind storm. It is one of the most destructive storms on earth. A tornado is also called a waterspout.

A tornado is a long cloud which comes down from the sky. It is shaped like a tunnel and consists of wind which whirls around and around extremely fast. In fact, the wind can reach a speed of more than 900 km per hour.

Most tornadoes form a long a front (boundary) between cool, dry air and warm, humid air. Weather scientists are unable to know exactly when tornados will occur. Fortunately, the tornado is not usually very big and it does not last long.

"It is shaped like a tunnel and consists of wind which whirls around and around extremely fast". (Par.2) The closest meaning to the underlined word is ....

• Spin

• Flies

• Blows

• Strikes

• Breaks