Unit 9 Review - Americas and Exploration

Match the American civilization with its description.

• Aztec

• These people constructed gigantic geoglyphs of animals and geometric shapes for an unknown purpose.

• Inca

• This culture created the first empire of the Americas and practiced body modification to elongate the skull.

• Olmec

• They built a thriving civilization in what is now Guatemala and the Yucatán Peninsula.

• Nazca

• The people of this culture built an extensive empire unified by an extensive road system.

• Maya

• This culture worshipped Huitzilopochtli and used human sacrifices to make sure the sun would rise each day.

Base your answer to the question on the photographs below and on your knowledge of social studies. These photographs indicate the people of China and the people of ancient Peru modified their environment to

• create effective trade routes

• increase the amount of land available for agriculture

• move large quantities of water into cities

• provide an effective defense

Which civilization used this type of agriculture?

• Mayan

• Aztec

• Incan

• Pueblo

The Inca road system and the Mississippian mound-building both demonstrate that pre-Columbian societies in the Americas

• had advanced engineering skills

• were influenced by European architecture

• relied heavily on nomadic lifestyles

• were primarily hunter-gatherers

Which of the following was a common characteristic of both the Maya and the Aztec civilizations in Latin America?

• They had no written language

• They developed complex mathematical and calendar systems

• They did not engage in trade

• They had a unified political structure

Base your answer to this question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies.

• Mesoamerican Cultural Areas

• South American Urban Areas

• Creation of the Spanish Viceroyalties

• Outposts of the Inca Empire

The Gupta civilization (4th–6th centuries) and the Maya civilization (4th–10th centuries) were similar in that both

• built temple complexes and developed the concept of zero

• eliminated standing armies and introduced an aristocracy

• developed early democratic systems

• were conquered by European imperialists

One way in which the civilizations of the Sumerians, the Phoenicians, and the Mayas were similar is that each

• developed extensive writing systems

• emphasized quality in education

• established monotheistic religions

• encouraged democratic participation in government

Floating gardens that were used to grow food crops in swampy conditions were known as

• hieroglyphics
• chinampas
• mesoamerica
• terraces

Based on the image below and your knowledge of social studies, answer the following question:

This image shows that the Aztec society relied on what?

• impact of religion on cultural practices

• collaboration and innovation in farming

• advanced military strategies for protection

• government response to environmental challenges