Pre-AP Practice Final 2

Excerpt from Memorial on the Crop Loans Measure By Wang Anshi - Chief Councilor to the Shengzong Emperor 1068 CE

“...We propose to follow the example set by the crop loan system of Shaanxi province. Farmers desirous of borrowing money before the harvest should be granted loans, to be repaid at the same time as they pay their tax…. We propose to survey the situation in regard to surpluses and shortages in each circuit as a whole, to sell when grain is dear and buy when it is cheap, in order to increase the accumulation in government storage and to stabilize prices of commodities. This will make it possible for the farmers to go ahead with their work at the proper season, while the monopolists will no longer be able to take advantage of their temporary stringency. All this is proposed in the interests of the people, and the government derives no advantage therefrom.”

The views expressed in the passage support which of the following Confucian ideologies?

• A. A government serves its people best when practices deficit spending.

• B. Monopolists are needed to assist in stabilizing commodity pricing.

• C. Managing food supplies should be left up to the farmers in China.

• D. People can look to their government to provide stability and mutual respect.

Excerpt from Memorial on the Crop Loans Measure By Wang Anshi - Chief Councilor to the Shengzong Emperor 1068 CE

“...We propose to follow the example set by the crop loan system of Shaanxi province. Farmers desirous of borrowing money before the harvest should be granted loans, to be repaid at the same time as they pay their tax…. We propose to survey the situation in regard to surpluses and shortages in each circuit as a whole, to sell when grain is dear and buy when it is cheap, in order to increase the accumulation in government storage and to stabilize prices of commodities. This will make it possible for the farmers to go ahead with their work at the proper season, while the monopolists will no longer be able to take advantage of their temporary stringency. All this is proposed in the interests of the people, and the government derives no advantage therefrom.”

Which Song Dynasty agricultural or manufacturing innovation is most similar to 18th century Britain?

• A. Establishing colonies in other regions and then exploiting its natural resources.

• B. The development of mass production machinery in a factory system.

• C. The use of coal to create a high heat, stable fuel source for the iron industry.

• D. Establishing large trade networks in order to import food for its citizens.

Excerpt from Memorial on the Crop Loans Measure By Wang Anshi - Chief Councilor to the Shengzong Emperor 1068 CE

“...We propose to follow the example set by the crop loan system of Shaanxi province. Farmers desirous of borrowing money before the harvest should be granted loans, to be repaid at the same time as they pay their tax…. We propose to survey the situation in regard to surpluses and shortages in each circuit as a whole, to sell when grain is dear and buy when it is cheap, in order to increase the accumulation in government storage and to stabilize prices of commodities. This will make it possible for the farmers to go ahead with their work at the proper season, while the monopolists will no longer be able to take advantage of their temporary stringency. All this is proposed in the interests of the people, and the government derives no advantage therefrom.”

Based on the intended purpose of the Crop Loans Measure by Wang Anshi in the passage above, the Chinese people could expect the government to

• A. loan money to farmers when they need it without having to pay it back.

• B. develop and manage a long term sustainable food supply system.

• C. buy all the grain the farmers produce so the grain can be exported.

• D. make sure that the farmers pay their fair share of taxes.

A historian might best use Source A to create an argument that

• provides an example of the violent nature of the medieval period.

• explains the architecture commonly found in many areas in Europe.

• shows the best methods for attacking and protecting castles.

• shows the consequences of political fragmentation in Europe.

Source B best illustrates the social hierarchy in Europe between 1200 and 1700?

• Peasants working in the fields had access to newer technologies due to the Crusades.

• Peasants lived in small cottages while the landholders were able to live in castles.

• Free and coerced peasant labor was used to sustain the largely agricultural societies.

• Women were excluded from working in the fields because it was too strenuous .

Which of the following would most connect Source A and Source B in the feudal system?

• Decentralization of power caused lords to rely on knights to protect their lands and peasants.

• Due to fear of barbarians, many peasants bought armor and attacked neighboring rulers.

• Knights were keenly aware that if they were on the losing side in battle, they would have to become a peasant farmer.

• The disintegration of the Roman Empire left a legacy of competition for natural resources for industry.

“Many of the Islamic libraries included not (just) halls for reading and book storing, but they also contained rooms for meetings and other rooms for discussions and debating that were (a) help sometimes between different libraries and different scholars which implies the competition among libraries for scientific achievements, reputation and glory of the library itself. The Muslim libraries have played a major role in translating and transmitting works of Greek, Persian, Indian and Assyrian physicians and philosophers, works that later became the basic textbooks in European schools of Bologna, Naples and Paris. It is likely that without the Muslim libraries, modern Europe’s scientific and intellectual progress would have been remarkably inhibited.“ SOURCE: Adel Abdul-Aziz Algeriani, Mawloud Mohadi, “The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) and Its Civilizational Impact on Islamic libraries: A Historical Perspective”

Referring to the passage above, one result from libraries in Muslim controlled regions between 1200 and 1450 was:

• The Catholic Church in Europe hardened its rejection of science as it diminished God's power.

• Islamic societies encouraged intellectual innovations that transferred to Europe after the Crusades.

• European scholars used the Bible to prove that many of the Islamic works were incorrect.

• Caliphs shut down the House of Baghdad because the ideas were stirring up too much trouble.

“Many of the Islamic libraries included not (just) halls for reading and book storing, but they also contained rooms for meetings and other rooms for discussions and debating that were (a) help sometimes between different libraries and different scholars which implies the competition among libraries for scientific achievements, reputation and glory of the library itself. The Muslim libraries have played a major role in translating and transmitting works of Greek, Persian, Indian and Assyrian physicians and philosophers, works that later became the basic textbooks in European schools of Bologna, Naples and Paris. It is likely that without the Muslim libraries, modern Europe’s scientific and intellectual progress would have been remarkably inhibited.“ SOURCE: Adel Abdul-Aziz Algeriani, Mawloud Mohadi, “The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) and Its Civilizational Impact on Islamic libraries: A Historical Perspective”

Which of the following best reflects causes for the expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia before 1450?

• The spread of Islam, since its beginnings, resulted from merchant and missionary activities.

• The spread of Islam was the result of conversions caused by disillusionment with Christian Crusaders.

• The spread of Islam was aided by the frequent collapse of other non-Muslim political states across the region.

• The spread of Islam benefitted from large scale conversions of Europeans between 1200 and 1450.

“Many of the Islamic libraries included not (just) halls for reading and book storing, but they also contained rooms for meetings and other rooms for discussions and debating that were (a) help sometimes between different libraries and different scholars which implies the competition among libraries for scientific achievements, reputation and glory of the library itself. The Muslim libraries have played a major role in translating and transmitting works of Greek, Persian, Indian and Assyrian physicians and philosophers, works that later became the basic textbooks in European schools of Bologna, Naples and Paris. It is likely that without the Muslim libraries, modern Europe’s scientific and intellectual progress would have been remarkably inhibited.“ SOURCE: Adel Abdul-Aziz Algeriani, Mawloud Mohadi, “The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) and Its Civilizational Impact on Islamic libraries: A Historical Perspective”

A historian studying cultural effects that resulted from the networks of exchange across Afro-Eurasia before 1450 might study:

• Impacts related to the Columbian Exchange

• Journals of Vasco de Gama’s voyages to India

• Impacts related to the Triangular Trade

• Journals of travelers like Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta

“Many of the Islamic libraries included not (just) halls for reading and book storing, but they also contained rooms for meetings and other rooms for discussions and debating that were (a) help sometimes between different libraries and different scholars which implies the competition among libraries for scientific achievements, reputation and glory of the library itself. The Muslim libraries have played a major role in translating and transmitting works of Greek, Persian, Indian and Assyrian physicians and philosophers, works that later became the basic textbooks in European schools of Bologna, Naples and Paris. It is likely that without the Muslim libraries, modern Europe’s scientific and intellectual progress would have been remarkably inhibited.“ SOURCE: Adel Abdul-Aziz Algeriani, Mawloud Mohadi, “The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) and Its Civilizational Impact on Islamic libraries: A Historical Perspective”

Which of the following cross-cultural interactions is most connected to the rivalries between the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires?

• The spread of technological advances such as gunpowder.

• The spread of the innovation of paper money.

• The spread of technology designed to beat the monsoon wind patterns.

• The spread of the silk and porcelain trade became very competitive.