European History: The Reformation and Counter-Reformation

What was a common belief among historians regarding Protestantism and capitalism?

• Protestantism promoted capitalism

• Protestantism was funded by capitalist ventures

• Protestantism hindered capitalism

• Protestantism had no impact on capitalism

Who was responsible for initiating the Catholic Reformation?

• Pope Alexander VI

• Martin Luther

• Pope Paul III

• Pope Julius III

What was the main purpose of the Council of Trent?

• To promote Protestant doctrines

• To affirm Catholic doctrines against Protestant reforms

• To address corruption within the church

• To reconcile with Protestant leaders

What was the stance of the Council of Trent on the selling of indulgences?

• They were not mentioned

• They continued but under stricter regulations

• They were completely abolished

• They were encouraged without restrictions

What role did the Jesuits play in the Catholic Church's response to Protestantism?

• They remained neutral and uninvolved

• They established educational institutions and missions

• They focused on political negotiations

• They led military campaigns against Protestants

How did the Jesuits contribute to global education?

• By focusing solely on religious education

• By discouraging the study of local cultures

• By promoting Protestant educational models

• By establishing universities worldwide

Which religious order did Ignatius of Loyola found?

• The Jesuits

• The Carmelites

• The Franciscans

• The Dominicans

What was a significant cultural contribution of the Counter-Reformation?

• The development of minimalist art

• The focus on abstract concepts

• The rejection of religious imagery

• The spread of the Baroque style

How did Saint Teresa of Avila contribute to the Catholic Reformation?

• By leading military campaigns

• By political lobbying in European courts

• By writing influential Protestant critiques

• By founding new religious orders with strict practices

What was the primary focus of Baroque art during the Counter-Reformation?

• To promote minimalist aesthetics

• To depict historical events accurately

• To challenge religious beliefs

• To evoke emotional and awe-inspiring reactions