A new planet is discovered orbiting a single star. The planet has one moon. According to Kepler’s first law, what do scientists know about the orbit of the planet around the star?

The orbit is elliptical with the star at one focus of the ellipse.

The orbit is circular with the star at the center of the circle.

The planet takes 12 times longer to orbit the star than the moon takes to orbit the planet.

The planet orbits the star in a direction opposite to the direction of the moon’s orbit of the planet.

Which statement BEST describes how photosynthesis affects Earth’s energy budget?

Photosynthesis prevents most of the incoming solar energy from heating Earth’s atmosphere.

Photosynthesis destroys a significant amount of incoming solar radiation.

Photosynthesis transforms a small amount of solar radiation into chemical energy.

Photosynthesis increases the amount of solar energy that is reflected back into space.

Which best describes how energy from the sun helps to maintain life on Earth?

It heats Earth’s atmosphere and surface, which helps stabilize temperatures on Earth and creates environments more favorable for life to exist.

It forms the ocean’s water and the oxygen in the atmosphere that organisms need for life functions.

It prevents the destruction of the magnetic field around Earth that protects all life forms.

It is absorbed by Earth’s mantle, which drives plate tectonics to form new land masses for organisms to live.

Which is an effect of lower levels of solar radiation striking Earth?

decreased rates of photosynthesis

increased incidences of skin cancer

increased phytoplankton activity

decreased carbon dioxide levels

How does heat from the Sun get to Earth?

by radiation, using electromagnetic waves to transfer the heat

by absorption, using primary waves to transfer the heat

by conduction, using solids to transfer the heat

by convection, using liquids and gases to transfer the heat

Why do green plants require solar energy?

to decompose the dead or decaying remains of animals

to absorb nitrogen into their roots

A low tide and a high tide occur in the oceans two times each day. Which factor has the greatest effect on the size of the tides?

gravitational pull from the Moon

gravitational pull from the Sun

seasonal temperature variations

The planet below is orbiting the Sun. The two sweeps are on opposite sides of the Sun and are labeled t. Though the orbital distance covered in each sweep is different, the time interval for each sweep is the same. What is the relationship between Area A and Area B?

Area A is 50% larger than Area B.

Area A is 50% smaller than Area B.

Area A is twice as big as Area B.

A student reads the following statement: The presence of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere is important to Earth’s ability to support human life. How would Earth be different without greenhouse gases in its atmosphere?

More solar radiation would be reflected back into space.

More heat from solar radiation would escape into space.

More solar radiation would penetrate Earth's crust and mantle.

More heat would be stored in Earth's core.

Which could increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

burning coal to produce electricity

planting trees in areas that have been deforested

reducing the use of gasoline-powered vehicles

creating wind farms in desert areas

Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?

The average amount of annual precipitation decreases

Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight

A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period

An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form

The line graph shows global temperature data since 1970. Which inference is BEST supported by the data?

The global temperature will likely be higher in 2020 than in 2010

The global temperature was likely higher in 1960 than in 1970

The global temerature likely deviated from the average less in 1960 than in 1970.

The global temperature will likely deviate from the average less in 2020 than in 2010

Which statement describes MOST groundwater?

Groundwater is found in the spaces between rocks, gravel, and sand.

Groundwater is found in underground lakes, rivers, and streams.

Groundwater is isolated from surface water and moves in its own cycle.

Groundwater is sequestered below the surface for years or decades at a time.

Which statement BEST explains the role of evaporation in ocean currents?

Evaporation removes heat energy from surface waters, increasing the water density.

Evaporation adds salt to surface waters, forcing the water to sink.

Evaporation leads to the movement of air masses, causing surface currents.

Evaporation increases the air pressure above surface waters causing horizontal currents.

Which BEST explains why population growth can result in water shortages and rationing in certain areas?

Lake water is reserved for recreation

Increasing biomass decreases evaporation rates

Tall buildings impede the development of rain clouds

A rural, forested area receives a lot of rain in a short amount of time. What would most likely cause potential flooding in the area?

if the ground of the area is already saturated with water

if the area has a large uncharged aquifer beneath it

if the water level in the area is below the zone of saturation

if the ground of the area is mostly sandy soil

At a city council meeting, a developer outlines plans for a new shopping area. Residents speaking at the meeting voice their concerns that the development will increase runoff and pollute bodies of water in the area. The developer could address their concerns by proposing the addition of which of the following to the plans?

wetlands that surround the development

private wells that provide water to each store

sprinklers that hose down parking lots daily

flower gardens that are planted near each store

Which interaction of a biotic and an abiotic factor can help stabilize a forest area in North Carolina?

increased decaying organic material, adding nutrients to soil in the area

increased precipitation, reducing soil erosion in the area

decreased water salinity, reducing biodiversity of animals in the area

decreased number of predators, allowing the number of prey to increase in the area

Most of the trash in the United States is currently disposed of in one of three ways: 32.5% is recycled or composted, 12.5% is incinerated, and 55% is put into landfills. Which change would decrease the ecological footprint of a town MOST?

increases in recycling and incineration and a decrease in landfill use

an increase in recycling and decreases in incineration and landfill use

decreases in recycling and landfill use and an increase in incineration

a decrease in recycling and increases in incineration and landfill use

Can Earth’s human population increase indefinitely?

no, because resources are finite

yes, even though resources are finite

yes, because resources are infinite

no, even though resources are infinite

How does human population growth on Earth influence freshwater availability?

Increased human population leads to more individuals using wells to obtain water from aquifers, causing a decrease in freshwater availability.

Increased human population leads to increased runoff, causing an increase in freshwater availability.

Increased human population leads to more individuals being able to collect rainwater, causing an increase in freshwater availability.

Increased human population leads to increased ability to purify salt water, causing a decrease in freshwater availability.

What effect would an invasive species have on the biodiversity in an ecosystem?

The invasive species would compete with native species and prevent them from flourishing.

The survival rate of native species would improve.

The invasive species would allow for greater diversity of native species.

The native and invasive species would develop into a new native species and flourish.

Which would be the best way to reduce the environmental impact of conventional agricultural practices?

increase use of nonnative species

Recent research has led to the development of solar-powered vehicles. Solar vehicles use panels that collect sun rays that are then converted to electricity by photovoltaic cells. The electricity is stored in a battery that runs the car. Which is the MOST likely reason for developing this type of transportation technology?

Solar cars have an inexhaustible energy source.

Solar cars are practical for daily commuters.

Solar cars are safer to operate than standard vehicles.

Solar cars are less expensive to construct than standard vehicles.

Which characteristics of an area could best identify the type of biome it is?

average annual rainfall, average annual temperature, types of plants and animals native to the area

human population numbers, average annual snowfall, dominant type of bedrock

distance from lakes and rivers, average length of day, average daily precipitation

dominant soil type in the area, types of crops grown in the area, length of seasons

Earth Science Final Review Practice

Authored by Danaye Connor

Science

9th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 5+ times

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49 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following BEST explains why Earth is tectonically active?

Earth’s solid surface layer rotates more rapidly than the layers beneath it.

Areas of Earth’s solid surface layer are under great pressure from ocean water.

Earth’s solid surface layer sits on a layer of semi-molten rock that slowly flows.

Areas of Earth’s solid surface layer are thicker and heavier than other areas.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

An incomplete diagram of the rock cycle is shown. Which terms should be placed in the boxes labeled 1, 2, and 3?

1- metamorphic rocks, 2- sedimentary rocks, 3- igneous rocks

1- metamorphic rocks, 2- igneous rocks, 3- sedimentary rocks

1- sedimentary rocks, 2- metamorphic rocks, 3- igneous rocks

1- sedimentary rocks, 2- igneous rocks, 3- metamorphic rocks

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Oceanic crust is composed mainly of basalt. Continental crust is composed mainly of granite. Why does oceanic crust generally tend to subduct under continental crust when plates collide?

The oceanic crust is thicker than the continental crust.

The continental crust is thicker than the oceanic crust.

The oceanic crust is denser than the continental crust.

The continental crust is denser than the oceanic crust.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

All energy resources have benefits, risks, and drawbacks. Which two resources present the MOST dangerous risks and consequences for the environment during their acquisition?

oil and coal

coal and solar energy

geothermal energy and oil

solar energy and geothermal energy

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

What do drilling and mining for nonrenewable energy sources have in common?

They are only used in a few countries.

They remove CO2 from the atmosphere.

They can pollute and harm the environment.

They stop methane gas from being released.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

How can urbanization affect a local area?

It can increase the number of invasive species in an area.

It can decrease the risk of water pollution in an area.

It can increase the risk of flooding in an area.

It can decrease the need for natural resources in an area.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The left side of the river has been reinforced by a rock wall to prevent erosion. Which would BEST help in preventing the right side of the river from being eroded?

loose soil

thick grass

heavy rainfall

increased grazing by animals

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Earth Science Final Review Practice

Which of the following BEST explains why Earth is tectonically active?

An incomplete diagram of the rock cycle is shown. Which terms should be placed in the boxes labeled 1, 2, and 3?

Oceanic crust is composed mainly of basalt. Continental crust is composed mainly of granite. Why does oceanic crust generally tend to subduct under continental crust when plates collide?

All energy resources have benefits, risks, and drawbacks. Which two resources present the MOST dangerous risks and consequences for the environment during their acquisition?

What do drilling and mining for nonrenewable energy sources have in common?

How can urbanization affect a local area?

The left side of the river has been reinforced by a rock wall to prevent erosion. Which would BEST help in preventing the right side of the river from being eroded?

In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?

The diagram below shows a topographic map of the big island of Hawaii. Which volcanic mountain is the highest?

Which of these actions will change a sedimentary rock, such as limestone, into a metamorphic rock, such as marble?

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