Exam Review-Genetic Mutations

A permanent change in DNA:

• Mutation

• Carcinogen

• Mutagen

• Translation

Anything that causes a mutation in the DNA:

• Mutation

• Carcinogen

• Mutagen

• Translation

The loss of a base in the DNA sequence:

• Frameshift: Insertion

• Frameshift: Deletion

• Substitution: Missense

• Substitution: Nonsense

The addition of a base in the DNA sequence:

• Frameshift: Insertion

• Frameshift: Deletion

• Substitution: Missense

• Substitution: Nonsense

Occurs when a segment of the chromosome is repeated when the chromosome is copied:

• Duplication

• Expanding Mutation or Tandem Repeats

• Translocation

• Inversion

Occurs when there is an increase in the numbers of copies of repeated codons:

• Duplication

• Expanding Mutation or Tandem Repeats

• Translocation

• Inversion

Occurs when the chromosome becomes oriented in the reverse of its normal direction:

• Duplication

• Expanding Mutation or Tandem Repeats

• Translocation

• Inversion

Occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome:

• Duplication

• Expanding Mutation or Tandem Repeats

• Translocation

• Inversion

The type of mutation that occurs when the amino acid is changed to a STOP codon:

• Nonsense

• Silent

• Missense

The type of mutation that occurs when the base changes, which changes the amino acid.

• Nonsense

• Silent

• Missense