Concurrency and Sync

What is thread synchronization?

• Thread synchronization is a method to speed up thread execution

• Thread synchronization allows all threads to access shared resources simultaneously

• Thread synchronization is only necessary for single-threaded applications

• Thread synchronization ensures that only one thread can access shared resources at a time, preventing conflicts and maintaining data integrity.

List some deadlock prevention techniques.

• Random selection

• Resource sharing

• Lock ordering, Timeout, Deadlock detection, Resource allocation graph

• Circular wait

What are concurrency control mechanisms?

• Concurrency control mechanisms are techniques used in databases to manage simultaneous access to data by multiple users or processes.

• Concurrency control mechanisms are used for data compression

• Concurrency control mechanisms are related to network security

• Concurrency control mechanisms are used for data encryption

How can race conditions be resolved?

• Restarting the system frequently

• Using mutex locks, semaphores, atomic operations, and message passing

• Ignoring the issue and hoping for the best

• Using sleep statements

Define mutual exclusion in the context of concurrency.

• Mutual exclusion allows multiple processes to access a shared resource simultaneously

• Mutual exclusion is only applicable to single-threaded applications

• Mutual exclusion in concurrency ensures that only one process or thread can access a shared resource at a time.

• Mutual exclusion guarantees that all processes have equal priority in accessing a shared resource

What is a critical section?

• A critical section is a part of a program that is optional to execute.

• A critical section is a part of a program that can be executed by multiple threads simultaneously.

• A critical section is a part of a program that accesses shared resources and must not be executed by multiple threads simultaneously.

• A critical section is a part of a program that does not access shared resources.

Explain the concept of semaphores.

• Semaphores are used for data encryption

• Semaphores are a type of data structure

• Semaphores are only used in single-threaded applications

• Semaphores are a synchronization tool used in concurrent programming to control access to resources.

What is the purpose of a read-write lock?

• To allow multiple writers to access a resource concurrently

• To allow multiple readers or a single writer to access a resource concurrently.

• To allow only one reader to access a resource

• To prevent any access to a resource

What is the significance of memory barriers in concurrent programming?

• Memory barriers ensure faster execution of concurrent programs

• Memory barriers are irrelevant in concurrent programming

• Memory barriers are used to limit the number of threads in concurrent programming

• Memory barriers are significant in concurrent programming to enforce memory visibility and ordering constraints among threads.

Explain the concept of deadlock in concurrent programming.

• Deadlock is a situation where two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource.

• Deadlock is a situation where processes terminate unexpectedly.

• Deadlock is a situation where processes consume excessive memory.

• Deadlock is a situation where processes execute out of order.