Cell Biology Basics

What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?

• Produce energy (ATP)

• Store genetic information

• Regulate cell metabolism

• Synthesize proteins

Answer explanation

The main function of mitochondria in a cell is to produce energy (ATP), making it the correct choice among the options provided.

Differentiate between plant and animal cells in terms of organelles present.

• Plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls, while animal cells have lysosomes, centrioles, and cilia.

• Plant cells have centrioles and chloroplasts, while animal cells have lysosomes and cell walls.

• Plant cells have centrioles and lysosomes, while animal cells have chloroplasts and cilia.

• Plant cells have lysosomes and cilia, while animal cells have chloroplasts and cell walls.

Answer explanation

Plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls, while animal cells have lysosomes, centrioles, and cilia.

Explain cellular respiration in a cell.

• Cells break down glucose to produce ATP.

• Cellular respiration is the process of photosynthesis.

• Cellular respiration does not involve ATP production.

• Cellular respiration occurs in glycolysis.

Answer explanation

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Identify the organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.

• Mitochondria

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

Answer explanation

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells is the Chloroplast.

Describe the structure of a cell membrane.

• Carbohydrates only

• Single-layered structure

• Nucleic acids

• Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Answer explanation

The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

How do cell organelles contribute to the overall function of a cell?

• By performing specialized functions such as energy production (mitochondria), protein synthesis (ribosomes), waste removal (lysosomes), and cell division (centrioles), cell organelles work together to ensure the cell's survival and proper functioning.

• By disrupting the cell's communication with other cells

• By causing diseases within the cell

• By randomly moving around and causing chaos within the cell

Answer explanation

By performing specialized functions such as energy production (mitochondria), protein synthesis (ribosomes), waste removal (lysosomes), and cell division (centrioles), cell organelles work together to ensure the cell's survival and proper functioning.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

• Storage of waste materials

• Production of energy for the cell

• Regulation of cell shape

• Control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression.

Answer explanation

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression.

List the organelles involved in protein synthesis.

• Golgi Apparatus

• Ribosomes, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

Answer explanation

The organelles involved in protein synthesis are Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Why are chloroplasts important for plant cells?

• Produce hormones

• Regulate cell division

• Store water

• Responsible for photosynthesis

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts are important for plant cells because they are responsible for photosynthesis.

Compare and contrast the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes.

• Lysosomes function in waste breakdown, peroxisomes function in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

• Lysosomes function in energy production, peroxisomes function in waste breakdown.

• Lysosomes function in waste breakdown, peroxisomes function in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

• Lysosomes function in energy production, peroxisomes function in waste breakdown.

Answer explanation

Lysosomes function in waste breakdown, peroxisomes function in lipid metabolism and detoxification.