Life Science Review

What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?

• Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration

• Synthesizes proteins

• Regulates cell division

• Stores genetic material

Explain the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

• Eukaryotic cells are smaller in size compared to prokaryotic cells.

• The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells, which are absent in prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells lack these structures.

• Prokaryotic cells are multicellular organisms, whereas eukaryotic cells are unicellular.

How do producers and consumers contribute to an ecosystem?

• Producers convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain, while consumers eat producers or other consumers, transferring energy through the ecosystem.

• Consumers convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis

• Producers consume energy from consumers

• Producers and consumers have no impact on the ecosystem

Describe the relationship between predator and prey in an ecosystem.

• Predators and prey do not interact in an ecosystem.

• The relationship between predator and prey involves mutual cooperation for survival.

• Predators and prey have no impact on each other's populations.

• The relationship between predator and prey involves the predator hunting and consuming the prey for food, which helps regulate prey populations and maintain balance in the ecosystem.

What are the main organs of the respiratory system and their functions?

• Pancreas, gallbladder, intestines, spleen

• Kidneys, liver, stomach, heart

• Brain, spinal cord, nerves, muscles

• Lungs, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm

How is genetic information passed from parents to offspring?

• Through the transmission of DNA from parents to offspring.

• Through the transfer of emotions from parents to offspring.

• Through the sharing of memories between parents and offspring.

• Through the exchange of proteins between parents and offspring.

Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits.

• Dominant traits are always physical characteristics, while recessive traits are only behavioral.

• Dominant traits are only passed down from fathers, while recessive traits are only from mothers.

• Dominant traits are more common in females, while recessive traits are more common in males.

• Dominant traits are expressed with one copy of the allele, while recessive traits require two copies to be expressed.

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

• Regulate the temperature of the plant

• Store excess water for later use

• Reflect light energy back into the environment

• Absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy

Describe the process of cellular respiration in cells.

• Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

• Cellular respiration is the process of photosynthesis in cells.

• Cellular respiration occurs in one main stage called glycolysis.

• Cellular respiration does not involve breaking down glucose.

How do mutations contribute to genetic variation?

• Mutations introduce new alleles into the gene pool, leading to genetic variation.

• Mutations have no impact on genetic variation.

• Mutations only affect non-coding regions of DNA, not contributing to genetic variation.

• Mutations decrease genetic variation by limiting allele combinations.