Experimental Study lect 4

What is an experiment?

• A study where a result is observed without any intervention

• A study where all variables are controlled

• A study where a treatment is intentionally introduced and a result is observed

• A study where participants are randomly assigned to different groups

What is experimental manipulation?

• The process of unintentional change of testing variables

• The process of intentional change of testing variables

• The process of observing outcomes without any intervention

• The process of randomly assigning participants

What is the purpose of a control group in a controlled experiment?

• To receive the standard treatment

• To receive a fake treatment

• To receive no treatment

• All of the above

What is the argument for using a historical control design?

• All of the above

• To cut the time required to complete recruitment of participants in half

• To compare outcomes with patients receiving the treatment in the past

• To ensure all participants receive the new intervention

What is random assignment used for in experiments?

• To manipulate the independent variables

• To create study groups with similar characteristics

• To ensure that all participants receive the same treatment

• To observe the outcomes without any intervention

What is the purpose of blocked randomization?

• To ensure that participants are assigned to groups alternately

• To avoid serious imbalance in the number of participants assigned to each group

• To assign treatments based on patient characteristics

• To ensure that all participants receive the same treatment

What is the difference between single blinding and double blinding?

• There is no difference between single blinding and double blinding

• Single blinding involves hiding treatment allocation from the investigator only, while double blinding involves hiding it from both the investigator and the study participants

• Single blinding involves revealing treatment allocation to the investigator only, while double blinding involves revealing it to both the investigator and the study participants

• Single blinding involves hiding treatment allocation from the study participants only, while double blinding involves hiding it from the investigator only

What is a completely randomized design?

• Assigning participants to treatment groups alternately

• Assigning every subject to a treatment group at random

• Assigning the first half of the population to one group

• Assigning participants to treatment groups based on a characteristic they share

What is the purpose of a crossover study design?

• To compare groups by randomly assigning participants to different treatment arms

• To allow participants to receive multiple treatments during the trial

• To ensure that participants remain in the same treatment arm throughout the study

• To reduce the number of patients required for the study

What is the main advantage of using stratified randomization?

• To minimize bias in the study

• To ensure that important baseline variables are evenly distributed between groups

• To assign treatments based on patient characteristics

• To ensure that participants are assigned to groups randomly