english 102 finals

What authors of the stories and other pieces have we read this semester

• “The Tell Tale Heart” by Edgar Allan Poe

  “Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut

  Characters: The Handicapper General – Hazel – George

• “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

  “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

  Characters: Homer Barron, Emily, Colonel Satoris

• “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

  "The Giver" by Lois Lowry

• “The Tell Tale Heart” by Edgar Allan Poe

  "1984" by George Orwell

What poems did we read this semester?

• Theodore Rotheke – “My Papa’s Waltz”

• Langston Hughes – “Dream Variations”

• Anonymous – “Sir Patrick Spence”

• "The Road Not Taken" Robert Frost

Analogy arguments

• reason that because two objects resemble each other in certain known respects, they will also resemble each other in respects that are unknown.

• An appeal to reason

• expressing a point of view on an issue that is communicated by the arguer.

• two or more people engage as equals in a dialogue to discover the best position on an issue.

Pathos

• An emotional appeal.

• An appeal to reason

• An ethical appeal

• Self arguments to deal with internal conflicts

Logos

• An emotional appeal.

• An appeal to reason

• An ethical appeal

• Public Debate

Ethos

• An ethical appeal

• An appeal to reason

• An emotional appeal.

• Single-perspective Argument

Argument: The two basic methods used by all forms of productive argument:

• Making a Claim: expressing a point of view on an issue that is communicated by the arguer.

• Support for the Claim: using evidence and reason to convince an audience to change the way it thinks about the issue

• Dialectic: two or more people engage as equals in a dialogue to discover the best position on an issue.

• Negotiation and Mediation: argumentation used to reach consensus on plans of actions to solve problems.

Consensual Argument—Examples:

• Dialectic: two or more people engage as equals in a dialogue to discover the best position on an issue.

  Academic Inquiry: to discover, through reading, discussion, and writing, new views, new knowledge, and new truths about complex issues.

• Negotiation and Mediation: argumentation used to reach consensus on plans of actions to solve problems.

  Internal Argument: Self arguments to deal with internal conflicts.

• Making a Claim: expressing a point of view on an issue that is communicated by the arguer.

  Support for the Claim: using evidence and reason to convince an audience to change the way it thinks about the issue

• Reasonableness: fair, balanced, objective, reasoned, no conflict of interest, absence of fallacies or slanted tone. Goal: a source that engages the subject thoughtfully and reasonably, concerned with the truth.

Traditional Argument—Examples:

• Public Debate

  Courtroom Argument

  Single-perspective Argument

  One-on-One Everyday Argument.

• Pathos: An emotional appeal.

  Logos: An appeal to reason

  Ethos: An ethical appeal

• Fact

  Definition

  Cause

  Value

  Policy

• Text: Written Argument

  Reader: Audience

  Author: Writer of the Argument

Assumptions

• are beliefs or ideas that we hold to be true — often with

  little or no evidence required.

• A spontaneous pooling of ideas.

• Arguments from cause claim that one condition or event contributes to or brings about another condition or event.

• compares two things that are not alike in significant respects or have critical points of difference