APES College Board Exam #2 review

Which of the following best describes why

secondary succession generally occurs more

quickly than primary succession?

• Secondary succession is not hindered by

  the presence of any existing vegetation,

  but primary succession is.

• Secondary succession takes place in areas

  that already have soil and nutrients in

  place, whereas primary succession occurs

  in areas that lack soil.

• Secondary succession includes the return

  of plants and animal species, whereas

  primary succession includes only the

  return of plants.

• Secondary succession requires pioneer

  species, including lichen and mosses, in

  the earliest stages, but primary succession

  does not.

Which of the following techniques is a realistic

solution for farmers to decrease the amount of

fertilizer and sediment runoff into aquatic

ecosystems?

• Using integrated pest management

• Switching from drip irrigation to furrow

  irrigation in fields

• Practicing crop rotation

• Applying manure immediately before

  precipitation occurs

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the trends shown in this graph?

• The number of acres burned and the number of wildfires have increased since 1930 because of increased

  human interactions in wilderness areas.

• The number of acres burned has increased since 1930 because of less public interest in preserving wild

  lands.

• The number of wildfires has steadily decreased since 1930 because of the frequency of droughts and other

  effects of climate change.

• The number of acres burned and the number of wildfires have decreased since 1930 because of more

  large-scale fire suppression interventions such as prescribed burns

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which of the following equations best represents

the chemical changes that occur during ocean

acidification?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which of the following is the most likely

unintended consequence of using pesticides in

agriculture?

• Pesticides increase the amount of

  vegetation available for cattle in free

  range grazing, which causes the cattle to

  graze over a larger land area.

• Pesticides can contaminate water sources

  near agricultural areas causing an increase

  in primary productivity that leads to

  eutrophication

• The continual use of pesticides can cause

  organisms to build a resistance through

  genetic mutation that then requires more

  or stronger pesticides.

• The continual use of pesticides can lead to

  an increase in soil biodiversity from

  increased soil quality.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

The following data table shows the percentage

of United States energy consumption by energy

source for 2010 and 2017.

Based on the provided data, which of the

following best explains the change in energy

resource use?

• Renewable sources replaced nonrenewable

  sources for electricity generation but not

  for transportation.

• Most of the petroleum used in the United

  States is imported from other oil-rich

  countries.

• United States power plants changed to

  nuclear energy for electricity generation

  rather than using renewable sources

  during this time period.

• Petroleum power plants replaced natural

  gas power plants at the same time that

  new renewable energy plants were

  constructed.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which of the following best describes why

aquaculture has grown considerably in several

parts of the world?

• Increased nutrient availability in the ocean

  from fish waste has led to an increase in

  the density of fish that can be supported

  in aquaculture facilities.

• The use of antibiotics in aquaculture has

  led to the evolution of resistant bacteria

  that support the immune system of

  various fish species

• Wild fish have increased in size and fitness

  from the competition with nonnative fish

  that have escaped from aquaculture

  facilities.

• Aquaculture fisheries provide a larger and

  more consistent quantity of fish

  year-round than do wild fisheries

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Which of the following is a problem that is

associated with a thermal inversion?

• An increase in UV radiation reaching

  Earth’s surface, which can damage plant

  tissue and decrease crop yield

• An increase in pollutants trapped at Earth’s

  surface, which increases the number of

  cases of human respiratory problems

• A decrease in the release of carbon dioxide

  from warmer air temperatures at the

  Earth’s surface, which accelerates global

  climate change

• A decrease in evaporation rates over the

  ocean, which increases potential for more

  severe thunderstorms and hurricanes

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Based on the data in the graph, which of the

following proposed solutions would have the

greatest effect on reducing global water

withdrawals?

• A coordinated public information

  campaign in rural areas about household

  water conservation.

• Government grants to assist farmers with

  the up-front installation costs of drip

  irrigation systems.

• Tax incentives for industries that reuse at

  least 10% of the water they withdraw for

  industrial processes

• An increase in the use of agricultural water

  to increase crop production in arid areas

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event was

caused when an asteroid impacted Earth

approximately 66 million years ago, near what is

now the Gulf of Mexico. The indirect effects of

the impact affected the entire globe. The event

resulted in the extinction of nearly 75 percent of

all plant and animal species on Earth, including

the majority of dinosaur species.

Which of the following likely best describes

why most of these species went extinct?

• Direct effects from the impact

• Loss of competitors

• Increase in genetic diversity in most

  species

• Rapid climate and habitat change

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1