P1: World History Semester 2 Review

Why did Christopher Columbus sail for Spain?

• He was seeking political asylum.

• The Spanish King promised to finance his voyage after all the Moors (Muslims) were driven out.

• He received funding and support from the French monarchs.

• He wanted to explore new territories.

What was the impact of disease on the Indigenous population?

• Diseases introduced by Indigenous populations caused a significant population decline among themselves.
• Diseases had no impact on the Indigenous population.
• Diseases introduced by European settlers led to an increase in the Indigenous population.
• between 1492 and 1650 about 90% of the first Americans died

What were the Navigation Acts and how did they support the economic theory of Mercantilism?

• The Navigation Acts were laws that promoted free trade among all nations, contradicting the economic theory of Mercantilism.
• The Navigation Acts were laws that restricted English ships from engaging in colonial trade, weakening the economic theory of Mercantilism.
• The Navigation Acts were laws that encouraged colonies to trade independently without any restrictions, opposing the economic theory of Mercantilism.
• Restricted colonial trade to England because gold can finance wars and colonization

What was the main reason for the development of forced labor in the Americas?

• Desire for skilled workers
• Need for cheap labor
• Profitable export production of goods to sell demanded significant labor resources

• Preference for volunteer labor

1. What type of government did Louis XIV and Peter the Great have and how did it work?

• Both had an absolute monarchy in which a single person holds absolute power.

• Both had a constitutional monarchy in which citizens vote on laws.

• Louis XIV had a constitutional monarchy and Peter the Great had a federal republic.
• Louis XIV had a dictatorship and Peter the Great had an oligarchy.

What did Enlightenment philosophers Hobbes and Rousseau believe?

• Hobbes: social contract among the many that vests in a sovereign the responsibility for the safety and well-being of all.

• Hobbes believed in a social contract for equality, Rousseau believed in a social contract for protection.
• Rousseau: no laws are binding unless agreed upon by the people; emphasized the importance of reason and human progress.

• Hobbes believed in a social contract for protection, Rousseau believed in a social contract for power.

What new type of Western government developed as a result of the Enlightenment?

• Democracy
• Communism
• Monarchy
• Oligarchy

What was the significance of the Three Estates and who were they?

• The Three Estates were geographical regions in France. 1: Lorraine, 2: Paris, 3: Versaille

• Estates were not taxed or landed equally. Clergy (1st), the Nobility (2nd), and the Peasants (3rd)

• The 3 Estates were where 3 major events that took place during the French Revolution. 1-Storming of the Bastille, 2-Tennis Court Oath, 3-Reign of Terror

• The Three Estates were three famous knights that were the leaders of the French Revolution named Jacques, Pierre, and Marc.

What were the major causes of the French Revolution?

• Unequal taxes and land ownership, poor wages, bad harvests, expensive wars

• industrialization & consumerism, mercantilism, expansion of colonial holdings

• industrialization & consumerism, royal resentment, Enlightenment philosophers

• Forced labor among the peasants, plague, poor harvest, despotism in the Monarchy

What were the results of the French Revolution?

• Overthrow of the monarchy, establishment of a oligarchy with a citizen leader

• Peaceful transition of power, economic prosperity and equality for all

• Industrial Revolution, rise of the first communist monarchy

• War taxes raised, royal resentment, literacy rate increase, focus on equality and human reason