Genetics basics 8.5 Open Sci Ed Lesson 7

What determines the myostatin protein an animal produces?

• the animal's chromosomes

• the animal's parents

• the animal's diet

• the animal's exercise

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Define genotype and phenotype.

• Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the set of observable characteristics.

• Genotype is the set of observable characteristics, while phenotype refers to the genetic makeup.

• Both terms refer to the genetic makeup of an organism.

• Both terms refer to the observable characteristics of an organism.

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What are alleles?

• Variants of the same gene

• Types of proteins

• Cells found in animals

• None of the above

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How do different forms of a protein like myostatin lead to muscle variations?

• By altering the genetic expression in muscle cells

• By changing the muscle's color and texture

• By affecting the metabolic rate

• By influencing muscle growth and development

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Two copies of the allele that produce partial myostatin protein will lead to:

• Not enough information to determine

• heavily-muscled animal

• typical-muscled animal

• medium-muscled animal

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Two copies of the allele that produce typical myostatin protein will lead to:

• Not enough information to determine

• heavily-muscled animal

• typical-muscled animal

• medium-muscled animal

Explain the function of myostatin in relation to muscle development.

• It inhibits muscle development

• It promotes muscle development

• It has no effect on muscle development

• It decreases muscle cell count

How are chromosomes passed from parents to offspring?

• Through cellular division processes such as mitosis and meiosis

• By environmental influences

• Through random mutation

• By blending of traits from both parents

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How do the number of chromosomes in egg and sperm compare to muscle cells?

• Egg and sperm have half the number of chromosomes compared to muscle cells

• Egg and sperm have the same number of chromosomes as muscle cells

• Egg and sperm have twice the number of chromosomes compared to muscle cells

• The number of chromosomes varies and cannot be compared

What does a karyotype show about chromosomes in muscle cells?

• The number and structure of chromosomes

• The function of muscle cells

• The genetic mutations in chromosomes

• None of the above