Behavioural Theories

In operant conditioning, what causes a behaviour to become less likely to occur?

• Reinforcement

• Extinction

• Punishment

• Scaffolding

Amy is given a sticker every time she puts her hand up to speak to the teacher in class.  What is this an example of?

• A ration schedule

• A response cost

• A token economy

• Positive reinforcement

Kim is training her dog to stop barking when someone knocks. She attempts to teach her dog to create an association between the knocking sound and sitting on a chair to get a treat. What is this an example of?

• Positive reinforcement

• Negative reinforcement

• Classical conditioning

• Thorndike's Law of Effect

Mr Linton wants his year 11 history class to get organised more quickly. He tells them that he will start a timer when the bell sounds to be in class, and that for every minute that they are not settled down, he will add another problem to their homework assignment that night.  Which approach to learning is Mr Linton using?

• Positive reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Negative reinforcement

• Negative punishment

Every study session, Alex turns off her music so that she can get on with her studying. This is an example of:

• Generalisation

• Classical conditioning

• Cueing

• Shaping

A take-away café wants to promote sustainable meal deals to nudge students into consuming more plant-based foods. What is nudging?

• Negative reinforcement

• Physical contact with an elbow

• Unethical imposition on people's right to choose

• Gentle persuasion to change behaviour