THERMODYNAMICS

A mechanical efficiency of 80% for an internal combustion engine means: Select the correct response

• 80% of the energy in the fuel is converted to useful work

• 80% of the energy in the fuel is lost as heat energy

• 80% of the energy is converted to kinetic

• 80% of the fuel is burned efficiently

What is the primary consequence of air ingress into the condenser of a ship's steam power plant?

• Reduced efficiency of the turbine

• Decreased cooling water flow rate

• Increased risk of steam turbine erosion

• Elevated temperature of the cooling water

Why does a ship's crew often use thermal insulation materials around pipes carrying hot fluids in the engine room?

• To prevent advection heat transfer

  
  

• To minimize convection heat transfer

• To reduce radiation heat transfer

• To decrease conduction heat transfer

Which property distinguishes vapor from liquid aboard a ship?

• Vapor is not affected by changes in pressure, while liquid is.
  

• Vapor has a higher density compared to liquid.

• Vapor has a definite volume, while liquid does not.

• Vapor has a lower boiling point compared to liquid.

What role does air play in the condenser of a ship's steam power plant?

• Air is used as a cooling medium to condense the steam.

• Air prevents the formation of vacuum within the condenser.

• Air is a byproduct of the condensation process.

• Air is utilized to increase the pressure within the condenser

When analyzing an indicator diagram for a reciprocating internal combustion engine on a ship, what does the area under the curve represent?

• Combustion chamber volume

• Engine compression ratio

• Engine displacement volume

• Work done during the engine cycle

In a parallel flow heat exchanger installed on a ship, how do the hot fluid and cold fluid typically flow relative to each other?

• Hot fluid and cold fluid flow in the same direction, parallel to each other.

• Hot fluid enters from one end and flows in the opposite direction of the cold fluid.

• Hot fluid enters from one end and flows perpendicular to the cold fluid.

• . Hot fluid and cold fluid flow in opposite directions but not parallel to each other

What effect does an increase in the quality of steam have on its enthalpy aboard a ship?

• Enthalpy decreases

• Enthalpy remains constant

• Enthalpy increases

• Enthalpy becomes negative

Which component is characteristic of an open gas turbine system but typically absent in a closed gas turbine system aboard a ship?

• Compressor

• Combustion chamber

• Turbine

• Heat exchanger

In the diesel cycle, which phase of the cycle represents constant pressure heat addition?

• Expansion stroke

• Exhaust stroke

• Compression stroke

• Combustion stroke