Hard Water Quiz

Hard water is produced when rainwater falls onto which type of ground?

• Sandy ground

• Clay-rich ground

• Chalk and limestone

• Volcanic rock

Where in the UK is hard water found, and how is hardness in water measured?

• Hard water is found in the east and southeast; measured by the concentration of calcium and magnesium

• Hard water is found in the west and southwest; measured by the concentration of sodium and potassium

• Soft water is found in the east and southeast; measured by the concentration of calcium and magnesium

• Soft water is found in the west and southwest; measured by the concentration of sodium and potassium

Above what temperature do calcium carbonates start to leave hard water?

• 60 degrees Celsius

• 100 degrees Celsius

• 80 degrees Celsius

• 120 degrees Celsius

How does the answer in question 3 affect a hot water system – pipework, cylinder, boiler and draw off points?

• Increases efficiency and reduces maintenance needs

• Causes significant wear and tear over time

• Has no significant impact

• Leads to frequent breakdowns and failures

What is the pH number for pure water?

• 5

• 7

• 9

• 11

What is a drawback of soft water?

• It can lead to increased sodium intake

• It can cause water pollution

• It enhances the taste of water

• It is more expensive than hard water

What is latent heat?

• The heat required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature

• The heat required to increase the temperature of a substance

• The heat released during a chemical reaction

• The heat absorbed from the environment

Name the various ways in which hard water can be softened or treated.

• By boiling and using ion-exchange resins

• By adding detergents only

• By distillation and reverse osmosis

• By filtration through a coffee filter

What effect does the temperature of water have on the solubility of calcium carbonates in hard water?

• Higher temperatures increase solubility, reducing hardness

• Lower temperatures increase solubility, reducing hardness

• Temperature has no effect on the solubility of calcium carbonates

• Higher temperatures decrease solubility, increasing hardness

Which method is most effective for removing temporary hardness in water?

• Boiling the water

• Adding chlorine

• Using a water softener

• Filtering through activated carbon