9GE01 - Coasts - 2.5: Rates of Erosion (Equilibrium)

What factors influence the rates of coastal recession and stability?

• The color of the cliffs

• Lithology and other factors

• The height of the waves only

• The temperature of the sea water

What does differential erosion of alternating strata in cliffs produce?

• Uniform cliff profiles

• Complex cliff profiles

• Decreased cliff height

• Increased beach width

What is a characteristic feature of marine erosion-dominated cliffs?

• Accumulated debris

• Active undercutting

• Lower angle face

• Curved slope profile

What does refraction lead to in sub-aerial weathering?

• Higher marine energy

• Active undercutting

• Lower marine energy

• Increased cliff base debris

How does the rate of erosion/debris vary in marine erosion?

• It is constant over time

• It decreases over time

• It varies over time

• It is not affected by time

Where is sub-aerial weathering often found?

• At headland sites

• Inland areas

• At the backshore of bays

• On urban coastlines

What happens to cliff degradation in sub-aerial weathering?

• It remains constant

• It decreases from above

• It increases from above

• It is not significant

What causes the permeability of a complex cliff profile to vary?

• The uniformity of rock types

• The presence of a single rock type

• The different rock types present

• The angle of wave attack

How does water interact with Upper Basalts and Laterite layers in a cliff profile?

• Water does not permeate either layer

• Water permeates both layers equally

• Water permeates through the Upper Basalts but not the Laterite

• Water permeates through the Laterite but not the Upper Basalts

What is the consequence of the Lower Basalts being impermeable in a cliff profile?

• It leads to increased wave action

• It causes the laterite above to become saturated with rainwater

• It results in the formation of a wave cut platform

• It has no significant impact on erosion