Quiz about Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

The heart is situated in the middle of the thoracic cavity in a region known as the: ________.

Accepted Answer

Mediastinum

Answer

Veins

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Left Artium

Question 2

What surface groove separates the right and left ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Interventricular sulcus

Answer

Pacemaker Cells

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Veins

Question 3

Both the left and right atria receive blood from: ________.

Accepted Answer

Veins

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Pulmonary Trunk

Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 4

What is the most superficial layer of the pericardial sac?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous pericardium

Answer

Serous pericardium

Answer

Visceral pericardium

Answer

Endocardium

Question 5

Coronary circulation involves the delivery of oxygenated blood to the: ________.

Accepted Answer

Heart

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Brain

Answer

Lungs

Question 6

Which two arteries arise from the right coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Right marginal artery and right posterior interventricular artery

Answer

Right marginal artery and left circumflex artery

Answer

Posterior interventricular artery and left circumflex artery

Answer

Left marginal artery and anterior interventricular artery

Question 7

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Veins

Answer

Heart

Question 8

Which vessel supplies the systemic circuit with oxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

Aorta

Answer

Veins

Answer

Pulmonary trunk

Answer

Left atrium

Question 9

Which opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart connects the right and left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Foramen ovale

Answer

Mediastinum

Answer

Interventricular sulcus

Answer

Aorta

Question 10

What muscles, present in the ventricles, anchor by tendon-like chords called chordae tendineae?

Accepted Answer

Papillary muscles

Answer

Septal muscles

Answer

Trabeculae carneae

Answer

Atrioventricular muscles

Question 11

The cusps of the atrioventricular valves attach directly to: ________.

Accepted Answer

chordae tendineae

Answer

semilunar valves

Answer

intercalated discs

Answer

papillary muscles

Question 12

What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Veins

Answer

Bicuspid valve

Question 13

Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary trunk

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Veins

Answer

decreased pH

Question 14

An insufficient mitral valve (bicuspid valve, or left atrioventricular valve) would allow the backflow of blood into the: ________.

Accepted Answer

Left Atrium

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Right Atrium

Answer

Left Ventricle

Question 15

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the: ________.

Accepted Answer

tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle

Answer

pulmonary valve

Answer

mitral valve

Answer

aortic valve

Question 16

What ion movement changes the membrane potential in a contractile cell from negative to positive?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ions (Ca2+)

Answer

Potassium ions (K+)

Answer

Chloride ions (Cl-)

Answer

Sodium ions (Na+)

Question 17

The rapid influx of sodium ions into contractile cells creates a positive membrane potential inside the cell and initiates the:

Accepted Answer

Rapid depolarization phase

Answer

Plateau phase

Question 18

During what part of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell?

Accepted Answer

Plateau phase

Answer

Rapid depolarization phase

Question 19

A contractile cell with a membrane potential of 0 mV is experiencing the:

Accepted Answer

Rapid depolarization phase

Answer

Plateau phase

Question 20

How do cardiac cells sustain a membrane potential of around 0 mV during the long plateau phase?

Accepted Answer

Calcium channels remain open

Answer

Increasing the sodium influx while decreasing the potassium efflux

Answer

Halting all ion movements within the cell

Answer

Allowing uncontrolled calcium ion leakage

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a population of pacemaker cells in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Papillary muscles

Answer

AV node

Answer

Bundle of His

Answer

Purkinje fibers

Question 22

What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer

Left ventricle

Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer

Pulmonary valve

Question 23

Determine the impact if the connection between the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node becomes blocked.

Accepted Answer

The heart rate may slow down, become irregular, or result in complete heart block.

Answer

The heart rate may speed up significantly.

Answer

The heart may stop beating altogether.

Answer

The connection between the SA and AV nodes has no impact on heart function.

Question 24

What is NOT part of the cardiac conduction system?

Accepted Answer

AV Valve

Answer

Bundle of His

Answer

Sinoatrial node

Answer

Purkinje fibers

Question 25

A damaged right bundle branch will prevent the passage of the action potential to the:

Accepted Answer

The Purkinje fibers in the right Ventricle

Answer

Left Ventricle

Answer

Pulmonary Artery

Answer

Atria

Question 26

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the:

Accepted Answer

Atria

Answer

Tricuspid valve

Answer

Veins

Answer

Pulmonary trunk

Question 27

On an electrocardiogram (ECG), atrial repolarization is obscured by the:

Accepted Answer

QRS wave

Answer

P-P wave

Answer

T-R wave

Question 28

Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ventricular depolarization?

Accepted Answer

QRS wave

Answer

P-P wave

Answer

P-T wave

Question 29

A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or atrioventricular (AV) node will primarily affect the length of the:

Accepted Answer

P-R interval

Answer

QRS wave

Answer

P-P interval

Question 30

Archie has a resting heart rate of 125 beats per minute. Classify his cardiac dysrhythmia.

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Sinus rhythm

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Bradycardia

Question 31

What produces the "lub dub" heart sounds?

Accepted Answer

The vibrations of the ventricular and blood vessel walls when the valves shut

Answer

Opening of heart valves

Answer

Blood flow through the arteries

Answer

Contraction of heart muscles

Question 32

Which of the following volumes should be the greatest?

Accepted Answer

The end-diastolic volume (EDV)

Answer

The cube with the smallest side length

Answer

The beginning-diastolic volume

Answer

The cylinder with the shortest height

Question 33

Which of the following substances decreases heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucose

Question 34

The process of respiration that moves air into and out of the lungs is:

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer

Sweating

Answer

Exhaling

Answer

Inhaling

Question 35

What is the function of the goblet cells?

Accepted Answer

Secrete mucus to protect and lubricate the mucous membranes

Answer

Absorb nutrients from the digestive tract

Answer

Produce enzymes for digestion

Answer

Regulate blood sugar levels

Question 36

In what order does air inhaled through the nose travel, from superior to inferior?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity -> Pharynx -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Lungs

Answer

Nasal cavity -> Pharynx -> Trachea -> Larynx -> Bronchi -> Lungs

Answer

Nasal cavity -> Larynx -> Pharynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Lungs

Answer

Pharynx -> Nasal cavity -> Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Lungs

Question 37

What part of the following description is INCORRECT? Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to increased volume in the thoracic cavity and the lungs. The increase in volume leads to an increase in intrapulmonary pressure causing air to move into the lungs.

Accepted Answer

The statement 'The increase in volume leads to an increase in intrapulmonary pressure causing air to move into the lungs.' is INCORRECT. (decrease in pressure)

Answer

Air moves out of the lungs instead of into the lungs

Answer

The increase in volume leads to a decrease in intrapulmonary pressure

Answer

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles do not contract

Question 38

What happens to the lungs if intrapleural pressure equals or increases above atmospheric pressure?

Accepted Answer

Collapse

Answer

Expand

Question 39

Predict what happens to air movement when atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg, intrapulmonary pressure is 758 mm Hg, and intrapleural pressure is 754 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

Air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs (inhalation)

Answer

Air moves from the lungs into the intrapleural space

Answer

Air movement stops completely

Answer

Air moves from the lungs into the atmosphere

Question 40

What reduces alveolar surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant

Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Pulmonary artery

Question 41

Bronchodilation may occur in response to:

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Inhibition of beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Blockage of muscarinic receptors

Question 42

Vital capacity =

Accepted Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volume

Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Inspiratory capacity

Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory reserve volume

Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Residual volume

Question 43

What statement best describes tidal volume?

Accepted Answer

Tidal volume is the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during normal breathing.

Answer

Tidal volume is the amount of air exchanged during a single breath.

Answer

Tidal volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal inspiration.

Answer

Tidal volume is the amount of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration.

Question 44

The volume that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is the:

Accepted Answer

Residual volume

Answer

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer

Tidal volume

Question 45

If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's:

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity

Answer

Tidal volume

Answer

Residual volume

Answer

Total lung capacity

Question 46

How is most oxygen transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells

Answer

Bound to white blood cells

Answer

Dissolved in plasma

Answer

Transported by platelets

Question 47

A fully saturated hemoglobin molecule transports:

Accepted Answer

4 molecules of Oxygen

Answer

Hydrogen

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

2 molecules of Oxygen

Question 48

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases with:

Accepted Answer

Decrease in pH, increase in temperature, and increase in 2,3-BPG levels. (Carbon monoxide?)

Answer

Increase in pH, decrease in temperature, and decrease in 2,3-BPG levels.

Answer

Increase in pH, increase in temperature, and decrease in 2,3-BPG levels.

Answer

Decrease in pH, decrease in temperature, and decrease in 2,3-BPG levels.

Question 49

What would increase the amount of oxygen unloaded by hemoglobin into peripheral tissues?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the peripheral tissues or decreasing the pH (Bohr effect)

Answer

Decreasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the peripheral tissues

Answer

Increasing the pH

Answer

Increasing the carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Question 50

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported:

Accepted Answer

As bicarbonate ion

Answer

Through the digestive system

Answer

Through the nervous system

Answer

Through the lymphatic system

Question 51

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form:

Accepted Answer

carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Answer

nitric acid

Answer

sulfuric acid

Answer

hydrochloric acid

Question 52

What is NOT true of the effects of hypoventilation?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ion concentration in the blood decreases

Answer

Hypoventilation improves lung function.

Answer

Hypoventilation can lead to respiratory acidosis.

Answer

Hypoventilation decreases carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Question 53

Respiratory acidosis results from:

Accepted Answer

inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide (CO2 retention, hypoventalation)

Answer

excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide

Answer

inadequate inhalation of oxygen

Answer

overproduction of bicarbonate ions

Question 54

Five year old Charlie is so mad that he's holding his breath until he gets his way. What will stimulate his breathing rate to return to normal?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of partial pressure of CO2

Answer

Charlie should be scolded for holding his breath

Answer

Charlie should be given a reward for holding his breath

Answer

Charlie should continue holding his breath until he gets his way

Question 55

The most important stimulus that induces changes in ventilation is:

Accepted Answer

Level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood (partial pressure CO2)

Answer

Temperature of the environment

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Level of oxygen (O2) in the blood

Question 56

Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

Accepted Answer

In the medulla oblongata of the brainstem

Answer

In the cerebellum

Answer

In the frontal lobe

Answer

In the spinal cord

Question 57

Which of the following triggers hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

High partial pressure of the CO2 in arterial blood

Answer

Drinking water

Answer

Eating chocolate

Answer

Listening to music

Question 58

What vessels typically carry blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Arteries

Answer

Intestines

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Veins

Question 59

Place in order from superficial to deep the three tunics of a typical blood vessel.

Accepted Answer

Tunica externa (adventitia), tunica media, tunica intima

Answer

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Answer

Tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima

Answer

Tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media

Question 60

Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Answer

Tunica externa

Answer

Tunica intima

Question 61

Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure. As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases.

Accepted Answer

As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases.

Answer

As peripheral resistance decreases, blood pressure decreases.

Answer

There is no relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

Answer

As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure decreases.

Question 62

What two factors determine the pressure gradient that drives circulation?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Answer

Difference in temperature and wind speed

Answer

Altitude and humidity

Answer

Latitude and longitude

Question 63

Determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

90 mm Hg

Answer

110 mm Hg

Answer

75 mm Hg

Answer

60 mm Hg

Question 64

When arterial blood pressure is measured in the arm with a sphygmomanometer, which vessel is used?

Accepted Answer

Brachial artery

Answer

Radial artery

Answer

Femoral artery

Answer

Carotid artery

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