Exam 3

What makes a study an experiment?

• External Validity

• Using a control group

• Random Assignment

• Independent and Dependent Variables

Manipulated variables are to ____ such as Measured variables are to ____.

• Internal Validity: External Validity

• Random Sampling:

  Random Assignment

• Within Subjects:

  Between Subjects

• Independent Variables: Dependent Variables

What is a Control Variable?

• A variable that is held/controlled to be constant across subjects

• A variable is being controlled/manipulated to be different across treatments

• The control group of an experiment

• The comparison group of an experiment

We can make causal claims using results from experiments.

• True

• False

Every experiment needs a control group.

• True

• False

What is the difference between a control group and a comparison group?

(Choose Two)

• A comparison group is a type of control group

• A control group is a type of comparison group

• A control group does not receive a treatment

• A comparison group does not receive a treatment

What is the difference between a systematic and unsystematic variability?

• unsystematic variability is due to noise, while systematic variability is likely due to a third effect

• systematic variability is due to noise, while unsystematic variability is due to a third effect

• systematic variability is due to bad sampling, while unsystematic variability is due to poor control

• unsystematic variability is due to bad sampling, while systematic variability is due to poor control

How can we address order effects?

• Random Assignment

• Simple Random Sampling

• Double-Blind Procedures

• Counterbalancing

What is the difference between full and partial counterbalancing?

(Choose Two)

• Full Counterbalancing uses every possible order of IVs

• Full Counterbalancing places each IV equally at each position of the order

• Partial Counterbalancing places each IV each position of the order at least once

• Partial Counterbalancing only changes the order of positions for a portion of the sample

What is the difference between a history threat and a maturation effect?

• A Maturation Threat occurs because of a subject's previous experience with the experiment, while History threats occur from lived experiences

• A History Threat occurs because of a subject's previous experience with the experiment, while Maturation threats occur from lived experiences

• A Maturation Threat occurs because of an event effecting subjects, while History Threats occur to subjects naturally over time

• A History Threat occurs because of an event effecting subjects, while Maturation Threats occur to subjects naturally over time