Respiratory Physiology pt 1

What is Ventilation in the context of respiratory physiology?

• The movement of blood through the heart

• The exchange of gases in the alveoli

• The movement of air into and out of the lungs

• The diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream

What is the approximate value of atmospheric pressure at sea level?

• 0.5 atm

• 1 atm

• 1.5 atm

• 2 atm

How does intrapleural pressure compare to intrapulmonary pressure?

• Intrapleural pressure is higher than intrapulmonary pressure.

• Intrapleural pressure is equal to intrapulmonary pressure.

• Intrapleural pressure is slightly negative compared to intrapulmonary pressure.

• Intrapleural pressure is not related to intrapulmonary pressure.

What is the role of the parietal pleura?

• It covers the outer surface of the lungs.

• It lines the inner chest wall.

• It is a thin layer of fluid between the pleurae.

• It is the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the lungs.

When is transpulmonary pressure greatest?

• During normal exhalation

• During forceful inhalation

• When the lungs are at rest

• During passive inhalation

What is Atelectasis?

• A collapsed lung due to lack of surfactant, airway blockage, or external pressure.

• A collapsed lung due to air entering the pleural space between the lung and chest wall.

• An increase in lung volume due to excessive air intake.

• A condition where the lungs over-expand and rupture.

According to Boyle's Law, what happens when the volume of a gas at constant temperature decreases?

• The pressure remains constant.

• The pressure decreases.

• The pressure increases.

• The temperature increases.

What is the main muscle of inspiration that contracts and flattens to increase chest cavity volume for air to flow in?

• External intercostal muscles

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Diaphragm

• Scalene muscles

During inspiration, what happens to the volume and pressure within the chest cavity?

• Volume decreases and pressure increases

• Volume increases and pressure decreases slightly below atmospheric pressure

• Volume and pressure both increase

• Volume and pressure both decrease

Which muscles contract to forcefully exhale air during activities like coughing?

• Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

• Sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles

• Abdominal muscles (obliques and transversus)

• Pectoralis minor muscles