4.1 Guided Reading

What was the main issue that dominated U.S. politics in the early 1850s?

• The economic growth

• The issue of slavery

• The industrial revolution

• The expansion to the West

According to John C. Calhoun, what was the "greatest and the gravest question that can ever come under your consideration" in the context of his speech?

• The economic policies of the 1850s

• The territorial expansion of the United States

• The preservation of the Union

• The industrial disputes between the North and the South

What did Senator Calhoun suggest would happen if the North did not give the South "justice, simple justice" regarding the issue of slavery?

• The South would engage in a peaceful protest

• The South would seek international support

• The South would secede from the Union

• The South would agree to the terms set by the North

How did the North and the South differ in their development by the 1850s?

• The North focused on agriculture, while the South focused on industry

• Both the North and the South were equally industrialized

• The North industrialized rapidly, while the South remained primarily agricultural

• The South developed more advanced technology than the North

What was the effect of railroads on the North's industry during the 1850s?

• Railroads decreased the efficiency of the Northern industry

• Railroads had no significant impact on the Northern industry

• Railroads carried raw materials eastward and manufactured goods westward

• Railroads were primarily used for passenger transport and had little effect on goods

Why did many European immigrants oppose slavery upon entering the industrial workplace in the North?

• They believed slavery was morally wrong.

• They feared it might bring slave labor into direct competition with free labor.

• They wanted to maintain the status of white workers.

• They were in favor of voting rights and freedom for African Americans.

What effect did many Southerners (including John Calhoun) believe that a restriction of slavery would do?

• They wanted to promote industrial growth in the South

• They were concerned about the moral implications of slavery and how it would affect the economy.

• They believed it would lead to a revolution that would condemn blacks as well as whites to poverty.

• They were in favor of expanding Southerner's rights.

What was the main concern that topped the agenda of the 31st Congress in December 1849?

• The abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia

• The question of California statehood

• The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793

• The formal withdrawal of a state from the Union

An amendment to a military appropriations bill that proposed "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist" in territories acquired by the United States in the war with Mexico

• Wilmot Proviso
• Missouri Compromise
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Monroe Doctrine

Why did Northern Congressmen support the Wilmot Proviso? (Select Two)

• Southern Congressmen refused to vote on internal improvements

• They feared adding slave territory would give slave states more members in Congress

• To ruin the Southern agricultural economy and improve the industry of the North

• The North wanted to help the South by improving its farms