Memory Management in Operating Systems

What is virtual memory?

• Virtual memory is a storage device

• Virtual memory is a type of computer processor

• Virtual memory is a type of physical memory

• Virtual memory is a memory management technique.

Explain the concept of paging in memory management.

• Paging is a memory management scheme that increases the speed of memory access by reducing the number of page faults.

• Paging is a memory management scheme that requires contiguous allocation of physical memory.

• Paging is a memory management scheme that allows random access to physical memory.

• Paging is a memory management scheme that eliminates the need for contiguous allocation of physical memory.

What is the purpose of a page table in virtual memory?

• The purpose of a page table in virtual memory is to map logical addresses to physical addresses.

• The purpose of a page table is to manage CPU cache

• Page tables are used to store user input data

• Page tables are responsible for executing system calls

Describe the difference between internal and external fragmentation.

• Internal fragmentation occurs in free memory blocks, while external fragmentation occurs in allocated memory blocks.

• Internal fragmentation is within allocated memory blocks, while external fragmentation is between free memory blocks.

• Internal fragmentation is between allocated memory blocks, while external fragmentation is within free memory blocks.

• Internal fragmentation is the same as external fragmentation.

How does segmentation differ from paging in memory management?

• Segmentation divides memory into variable-sized segments based on logical units, while paging divides memory into fixed-sized blocks called pages.

• Segmentation is used in virtual memory systems, while paging is used in physical memory systems

• Segmentation and paging have the same memory allocation strategy

• Segmentation and paging both divide memory into fixed-sized blocks

What is thrashing in the context of virtual memory?

• Thrashing is the process of increasing the clock speed of the CPU to improve performance.

• Thrashing is the term used for the process of defragmenting the hard drive in virtual memory.

• Thrashing is the act of compressing files to save disk space in virtual memory.

• Thrashing is the excessive swapping of data between RAM and disk, causing a severe performance degradation.

Explain the working of demand paging.

• Pages in demand paging are never swapped out of memory.

• In demand paging, pages are loaded into memory only when they are required by the program being executed.

• Demand paging requires the entire program to be loaded into memory before execution.

• In demand paging, all pages are loaded into memory at once.

What is the role of TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer) in memory management?

• TLB caches the mapping of virtual memory addresses to physical memory addresses, reducing the time taken for memory access.

• TLB controls the execution of system processes

• TLB manages the allocation of CPU registers

• TLB is responsible for network packet routing

Describe the concept of memory protection in operating systems.

• Memory protection in operating systems is a mechanism to control and manage access to memory locations to prevent unauthorized access or modification.

• Memory protection allows unlimited access to all memory locations.

• Memory protection is only relevant for hardware, not software.

• Memory protection ensures faster data access in operating systems.

How does the operating system handle memory leaks?

• Garbage collection, memory allocation tracking, and memory reclaiming mechanisms

• Memory virtualization

• Memory encryption

• Memory defragmentation