TNReady Study Guide

A student is asked to find evidence that the universe is expanding. The student collects data on a light spectrum from a galaxy, as shown.

Based on this galaxy spectrum, does the data support the claim that the universe is expanding?

• No. The light intensity is uneven across wavelengths.

• Yes. There are no spectral lines in the middle of the spectrum.

• Yes. The light from the galaxy is shifted toward longer wavelengths.

• No. There are no spectral lines recorded at the blue end of the spectrum.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

In a class discussion, the teacher told the students that the Global Positioning System, or GPS, uses a system of satellites to help find a location and transfer information. A student stated that GPS technology uses electromagnetic waves for navigation and data transmission. Is this statement correct? 

• No, GPS uses thick cables for multipath propagation.

• Yes, GPS uses ultraviolet waves for short-range signal transmission.

• Yes, GPS uses radio wave propagation for faster transmission of information.

• No, GPS uses a single pair of fiber cables for long-distance data transmission.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

A student placed a glass jar over a ticking clock and observed that both the ticking sound and the clock were clearly audible and visible through the glass jar.

Next, the student covered the glass jar with a black paper sheet. The ticking of the clock could still be heard, though it was slightly muffled. The clock was not visible through the jar.

Choose the correct word for each blank to correctly complete the sentence, giving the reason for the observations made when the jar was covered with the black paper sheet.

Sound waves are ​ (a)   through opaque materials like paper, while light waves are ​ (b)   .

• transmitted
• absorbed
• reflected
• refracted

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

A 3 g marble rolling on the floor comes to rest after being hit by a box. The marble exerts a 2.2 N force on the box towards the right.

What is the force exerted by the box on the marble?

• It is equal to 2.2 N and will act towards the left.

• It is more than 2.2 N and will act towards the left.

• It is equal to 2.2 N and will exert in a downward direction.

• It is less than 2.2 N and will exert in a downward direction.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

The student understands that Earth’s interior is composed of three concentric layers: the crust, mantle, and core, and wonders if the layers affect one another. To find the answer, the student studies the mantle in detail, as it is the layer that generates convection currents. The student learns that the convection currents circulate magma in the mantle, which changes the crust by moving tectonic plates to create landforms. Figure 2 shows the landforms formed where the rising and falling limbs of the currents meet.

Which evidence from Figure 2 is in agreement with the idea that landforms formed by plate movements driven by convection currents are different for divergent and convergent zones?

• Convection currents rise to form ridges on the lithosphere and extend trenches up to the asthenosphere.

• Convection currents move magma in the mantle, which spreads plates apart to form ridges and trenches.

• Ridges are formed where the rising limbs of current meet, and trenches are formed where the falling limbs meet.

• Trenches are formed when the new crust is created, and ridges are formed when the magma circulated by currents breaks the existing crust.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A student reads that the behavior of seismic waves helps to understand the Earth’s interior as their movement in solids and liquids is different. P waves can travel through both solid and liquid mediums, but S waves can travel through solid mediums only. Based on this information, the student decides to study the interior of the Earth by analyzing data collected by a seismograph. The data is in the form of a graph, where the velocities of P and S waves and density are plotted against the depth of layers inside the Earth, as shown in Figure 1.

Based on Figure 1, which two statements about the interior of the Earth are correctly concluded?

• All layers are solid.

• One layer is liquid, and the rest are solid.

• Density decreases with increasing depth.

• The inner core is denser than the other layers.

• The outer core does not allow any seismic waves to propagate through it.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-3

A student reads that the behavior of seismic waves helps to understand the Earth’s interior as their movement in solids and liquids is different. P waves can travel through both solid and liquid mediums, but S waves can travel through solid mediums only. Based on this information, the student decides to study the interior of the Earth by analyzing data collected by a seismograph. The data is in the form of a graph, where the velocities of P and S waves and density are plotted against the depth of layers inside the Earth, as shown in Figure 1.

Based on Figure 1, the student claims that not all layers in the interior of Earth are solid. Is the claim correct?

• Yes, because the velocity of P waves increased in the outer core.

• Yes, because S waves disappeared at the core-mantle boundary.

• No, because both P and S waves travel through all the layers of Earth’s interior.

• No, because the velocity of seismic waves did not change with a change in density.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-3

The table shows the features of two components, 1 and 2, in different communication systems that use electromagnetic waves.

Which statement about the types of waves used in the two components is correct? 

• Radio waves are used in both components.

• Infrared waves are used in both components.

• Infrared waves are used in component 1, and radio waves are used in component 2.

• Radio waves are used in component 1, and infrared waves are used in component 2.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

A student investigated an electroscope. It was observed that when a rod with a positive charge is brought closer to the electroscope, the aluminum strips move away from each other, as shown in the image. 

What does this investigation help demonstrate?

• Like charges attract each other. 

• A force can act only between the objects in contact.

• A force can act on objects that are not in direct contact.

• Electrostatic forces are comparable to magnetic forces between objects.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-3

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

A student performs an activity to show how the universe is expanding. The student pastes coins, which represent galaxies, on the surface of a deflated rubber balloon modeled as the universe. The student marks a center on the balloon and blows air into it to mimic the expansion of the universe, as shown.

Based on the activity, which two observations helped the student simulate the expansion of the universe?

• The size of galaxies is increasing.

• The galaxies at the edges are shrinking.

• The distance between galaxies is increasing.

• The galaxies are coming closer to each other.

• The galaxies are moving away from the center.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-2