TEXES 7-12

Most early civilizations of Afro-Eurasia arose in physical environments that featured:

• abundant temperate grasslands that could be used for the pasture of livestock.

• easy access to existing major long-distance trade networks.

• proximity to a reliable freshwater source that could be used for crop irrigation.

• plentiful wild game, fish and other food sources available for hunting and foraging.

The excerpt above from the Code of Hammurabi suggests that:

• Babylonian law applied both the concept of individual responsibility and the concept of collective responsibility in assigning penalties for crimes.

• penalties for crimes in ancient Babylonian society were dependent largely on the social status of the criminal.

• Babylonian society was plagued by unusually high rates of crimes against personal property.

• punishments for crimes in Babylonian society were mostly designed to protect the property of the king and members of the nobility.

In which of the following ways did the migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples into many regions of sub-Saharan Africa in the period 1000 B.C. to 500 A.D. most fundamentally affect the continent?

• The migrations led to the diffusion of many Egyptian traditions

• The migrations triggered the spread of Islam

• The migrations helped establish a large empire of Bantu speakers that controlled much of sub-Saharan Africa

• The migrations led to the spread of settled agriculture

Which of the following was an effect of the Crusades on western Europe?

• The Crusaders’ daily interactions with Muslims and Eastern Orthodox Christians led the papacy to adopt an official policy of greater tolerance for diverse religious beliefs and practices

• The Crusades’ initial successes led to a wave of migration of German and French peasants to the Middle East and the depopulation of some regions of western Europe

• The Crusades led to an increased trade between western Europe, Byzantium and the Muslim states of the eastern Mediterranean, thereby promoting European economic expansion

• The Crusades led to a decrease in the power and prestige of European monarchies, as many monarchs were absent from their kingdoms for long periods of time while fighting in the Crusades.

Which of the following statements best describes a major impact of the Columbian Exchange on Europe?

• New food crops from the Western Hemisphere promoted better health and longer life spans in Europe

• Immigration from the Western Hemisphere significantly altered the ethnic makeup of Europe

• New diseases from the Western Hemisphere killed close to 90 percent of Europe's pre-Columbian population

• New draft animals from the Western Hemisphere greatly increased the productivity of European farmers

Which of the following was the most significant effect on Europe of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople (1453) and the eastern Mediterranean (1516–1517)?

• The Ottoman Empire took control of most of the major trade routes connecting Europe to India and China.

• The Ottoman Empire began conscripting young Balkan Christian boys to become Janissaries.

• Ottoman missionaries spread Islam throughout the Mediterranean region.

• The Ottoman Empire began controlling most of the major trade routes connecting Europe to India and China.

In contrast to the First Industrial Revolution, the Second Industrial Revolution was characterized mostly by

• innovations in the textile industry and steam power.

• innovations in mass production and electrification.

• heavy reliance on child labor.

• heavy reliance on forced labor.

The Chinese government responded to the 1989 protests in Tiananmen Square by

• halting all trade with Europe and the United States.

• appeasing protesters by holding democratic elections.

• forcibly dispersing the demonstrations with tanks and troops.

• calling for a session of the United Nations Security Council to condemn the protests.

Which of the following groups of people constituted the main source of labor for the Chesapeake colonies before 1660?

• Enslaved Africans

• American Indians

• Landowning families

• Indentured servants

The establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619 was significant because it was the first

• Protestant church founded in the English colonies.

• assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America.

• instance of democratic decision making at a New England town hall meeting.

• stock exchange set up by the English colonists in North America.