Cell Biology Basics

What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

• cell

• organism

• molecule

• atom

Name two organelles found in a cell and their functions.

• Nucleus and Mitochondria; Nucleus controls cell activities and contains genetic material, while Mitochondria produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration.

• Ribosome and Golgi Apparatus; Ribosome stores genetic material and Golgi Apparatus produces energy

• Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lysosome; Endoplasmic Reticulum controls cell activities and Lysosome contains genetic material

• Vacuole and Chloroplast; Vacuole produces energy for the cell and Chloroplast controls cell activities

Explain the role of the cell membrane in a cell.

• The cell membrane stores genetic information

• The cell membrane produces energy for the cell

• The cell membrane provides structural support to the cell

• The cell membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Describe the process of cell division and its importance.

• Cell division involves two main stages: mitosis, where the nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides. During mitosis, the chromosomes are replicated and separated into two identical sets. Cytokinesis then completes the process by dividing the cytoplasm and organelles between the daughter cells.

• During mitosis, the chromosomes are not replicated.

• Cytokinesis is the stage where the nucleus divides.

• Cell division involves three main stages: prophase, metaphase, and anaphase.

What is cellular respiration and why is it essential for cells?

• Cellular respiration is the process of converting water into energy in cells.

• Cellular respiration is not essential for cells as they can survive without it.

• Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP. It is essential for cells because ATP is the main energy currency of the cell, used for various cellular functions.

• Cellular respiration is a process that only occurs in plant cells.