ch 4

Which section of the research project explains how the study was conducted?

• The purpose of methods

• The abstract

• The introduction

• The conclusion

What is included in the Methods section of a research project?

• Participants, instruments used, procedures, design and analysis

• Hypothesis, variables, and theoretical framework

• Results, discussion, and limitations

• Acknowledgements and references

What is the category that includes the age, gender, and/or experience level of participants?

• Demographics

• Psychographics

• Statistics

• Characteristics

When a researcher uses a part, rather than an entire group, for a research study, what is that sub-group called?

• Sample

• Cohort

• Population

• Segment

What are some different types of samples?

• Random, Stratified, Convenience, Snowball, Volunteers

• Controlled, Experimental, Observational, Longitudinal, Cross-sectional

• Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed-Methods, Descriptive, Experimental

• Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary

What is the difference between a correlational and a cause and effect study?

• Correlational: A positive or negative relationship is implied between two variables (however they may be other influences).

• Correlational: A control group used to show the presence or absence of one variable results in a specific outcome.

• Cause and effect: A positive or negative relationship is implied between two variables (however they may be other influences).

• Cause and effect: A control group used to show the presence or absence of one variable results in a specific outcome.

What are the definitions of validity and reliability?

• Validity: doesn't measure variable accurately; Reliability: doesn't measure the variable consistently

• Validity: measures variable accurately; Reliability: measures the variable consistently

• Validity: measures variable consistently; Reliability: doesn't measure variable accurately

• Validity: doesn't measure variable consistently; Reliability: measures variable accurately

What are some measures of physical activity?

• Blood pressure, Heart rate, Sleep patterns

• Perceived exertion, Seven day recall of physical activity, Pedometers

• Nutrition intake, Water consumption, Sun exposure

• Body mass index, Waist circumference, Skin fold thickness

What is collected in the Procedures step of a research project?

• Hypotheses, research questions, variables

• Literature review, theoretical framework, references

• Where and when, group used, how the data was recorded

• Results, data analysis, conclusions

What are some common Procedural errors in research?

• No pilot work was conducted, procedural error in data, not having enough participants

• Incorrect hypothesis, lack of control group, biased sampling

• Data misinterpretation, statistical errors, publication bias

• Ethical violations, lack of informed consent, privacy breaches