Unit 4 and 5 Benchmark Review

The diagram depicts Earth moving counterclockwise around the sun. Choose the only statement that is true.

• The side of Earth that is facing the sun is experiencing day.

• The moon is about to be eclipsed by Earth.

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How do the currents off the coast of Florida and Alaska compare?

• Although they are both cold currents, the one off of Alaska’s coast has less energy.

• Although they are both cold currents, the one off of Alaska’s coast has more energy.

• Although they are both warm currents, the one off of Florida’s coast has less energy

• Although they are both warm currents, the one off of Florida’s coast has more energy.

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Look at the diagram.

What can you conclude from this diagram about the particular season for the Northern Hemisphere?

• The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and therefore is experiencing winter.

• The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun and therefore is experiencing summer.

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Below is a diagram of the sun’s rays hitting various points on Earth. Which of the following describes how weather is influenced by sunlight?

• Sunlight hits all points of Earth equally for equal weather.

• The weather is warmer where the sun’s rays are most concentrated.

• Larger areas of Earth have the warmest weather.

• Weather is cool because sunlight spreads from one region to another.

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The model below shows the solar system.

Which statement about the model is true?

• The sun is bigger than any of the planets.

• The sun is actually smaller than the planets in the solar system.

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Oakland and Milton are the same distance from the equator and they are both near the ocean. Use the information on the map to answer these questions: How does the air temperature of Oakland compare to the air temperature of Milton? Why?

The air at Oakland is...

• the same as Milton. They are both near moving ocean water, so the same amount of energy is transferred to the air at both locations.

• the same as Milton. Even though the ocean water at each location is a different temperature, the same amount of energy is transferred to the air at both locations.

• colder than Milton. At Oakland, only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air. At Milton, a lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.

• colder than Milton. At Oakland, energy is transferred from the air to the ocean. At Milton, energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.

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The diagram models the position of Earth as it orbits the sun.

How does this model help to explain seasons on Earth?

• It shows how Earth’s rotation affects the amount of direct sunlight an area receives.

• It shows how Earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun affect the amount of direct sunlight an area

  receives.

• It shows how Earth’s distance from the sun affects the amount of direct sunlight an area

  receives.

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Arica and Beira are the same distance from the equator, and they are both near the ocean. Using the information in the map, how does the air temperature of Arica compare to the air temperature of Beira? Why?

 

The air temperature at Arica is...

• colder than Beira. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. Energy is transferred from the air to the ocean at Arica and energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Beira.

• colder than Beira. The winds push ocean water that turns and follows the coasts. Only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Arica, and a lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air at Beira.

• colder than Beira. Moving air with only a little energy turns and follows the coast toward Arica; moving air with a lot of energy turns and follows the coast toward Beira.

• the same as Beira. Both locations are the same distance from the equator. The winds push the ocean water, and it turns to follow the coast in both locations, so the same amount of energy is transferred to the air.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Look at the image below.

Several students in a science class are trying to explain what the arrow in the image represents

and how it affects the orbit of the planet. Which student’s explanation is the most accurate?

• Jayden - The force of gravity from the sun pulls on Earth and causes Earth to move in a

  circular orbit

• Cassie - The force of gravity from the sun pushes Earth back in its revolution of other planets.

• Yong - The force of gravity from Earth and other planets causes them to orbit around the sun.

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Dayton and Newport are the same distance from the equator and they are both near the ocean. Use the information on the map to answer these questions: How does the air temperature of Dayton compare to the air temperature of Newport? Why?

 

The air at Dayton is...

• warmer than Newport. At Dayton, a lot of energy is transferred from the ocean to the air. At Newport, only a little energy is transferred from the ocean to the air.

• warmer than Newport. At Dayton, energy is transferred from the ocean to the air. At Newport, energy is transferred from the air to the ocean.

• the same as Newport. They are both near moving ocean water, so the same amount of energy is transferred to the air at both locations.

• the same as Newport. Even though the ocean water at each location is a different temperature, the same amount of energy is transferred to the air at both locations.

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