Formative Assessment 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method?

• A set of rules that must be followed in every scientific experiment

• A systematic approach used to answer questions or solve problems through observation, experimentation, and analysis

• A fixed series of steps that scientists take in a specific order

• A subjective process relying solely on intuition and guesswork

Which step of the scientific method involves making an educated guess based on available information?

• Observation

• Hypothesis 

• Experimentation

• Conclusion

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good scientific hypothesis?

• It is testable

• It is based on faith or belief

• It is falsifiable

• It is supported by evidence

Which step of the scientific method involves carefully observing phenomena or gathering information?

• Conclusion

• Analysis

• Experimentation

• Observation

What is the role of peer review in the scientific method?

• To provide funding for research projects

• To publish research findings

• To evaluate the validity and quality of research by other experts in the field

• To conduct experiments on behalf of scientists

Which branch of Earth science focuses on the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its phenomena?

• Geology

• Oceanography

• Meteorology

• Astronomy

What branch of Earth science focuses on the study of the Earth's oceans, including their physical and biological aspects?

• Oceanography

• Limnology

• Hydrology

• Glaciology

What branch of Earth science focuses on the study of rocks, their composition, structure, and formation processes?

• Geology

• Petrology

• Mineralogy

• Stratigraphy

Which branch of Earth science is concerned with the study of celestial bodies beyond Earth, including stars, galaxies, and planets?

• Meteorology

• Oceanography

• Astronomy

• Geophysics

Why is Earth science important for understanding natural hazards?

• To predict the occurrence of earthquakes, hurricanes, and other disasters

• To develop technologies for preventing natural hazards

• To study the impact of natural hazards on human societies and ecosystems

• To create fictional narratives about Earth's phenomena