Understanding Mutations

What are the two types of nucleic acids that can undergo mutations?

• Amino Acids and Fatty Acids

• Carbohydrates and Proteins

• RNA and DNA

• Proteins and Lipids

Which type of mutation does not alter the amino acid that a codon codes for?

• Substitution

• Silent mutation

• Insertion

• Deletion

What is the term used to describe mutations that shift the reading frame of DNA?

• Substitution mutation

• Neutral mutation

• Silent mutation

• Frameshift mutation

How many chromosomes does a human have?

• 46

• 16

• 23

• 8

Which chromosomal mutation involves the reversal of a chromosome segment?

• Translocation

• Duplication

• Deletion

• Inversion

What is nondisjunction?

• A type of gene mutation

• A chromosomal mutation

• Failure of chromosomes to separate completely

• Duplication of genetic material

Why are fruit flies frequently studied in genetic research?

• They have a short lifespan

• Their mutations are similar to humans

• They are easy to maintain

• All of the above

What disorder is caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin?

• Sickle cell anemia

• Huntington's disease

• Down syndrome

• Cystic fibrosis

What advantage do carriers of one sickle cell gene mutation have?

• No advantage

• Immunity to malaria

• Increased oxygen levels

• Protective factor against malaria

What role do genetic counselors play?

• They teach genetics in universities

• They develop cures for genetic disorders

• They research new genetic mutations

• They help families affected by genetic disorders