Lecture 2

What is the correct sequence of events in conventional evolution?

• Inheritance → Natural Selection → Variation

• Natural Selection → Variation → Inheritance

• Variation → Inheritance → Natural Selection

• Variation → Natural Selection → Inheritance

What are the two major strands of evo-devo?

• Determine how variation arises and determine the genetic basis of evolution

• Determine how variation arises and determine the mechanistic basis of phenotypic evolution

• Determine the survival of the fittest and determine the mechanistic basis of genetic evolution

• Arrival of the fittest and survival of the fittest

What are the two main empirical approaches used in evo-devo?

• Qualitative assessments of morphology and quantitative methods examining gene expression

• Highly quantitative assessments of morphology and molecular methods examining the function and expression of genes

• Comparative studies of different species and genetic engineering techniques

• Statistical analysis of ecological data and computational modeling of development

How are the empirical approaches in evo-devo typically used in studies, especially within an ecological context?

• They are combined in a single study

• They are used separately in different studies

• They are only used in laboratory settings

• They are not applicable to ecological contexts

What does evolvability refer to in a population?

• The ability of a population to produce adaptive variation

• The ability of a population to remain constant over time

• The ability of a population to decrease genetic diversity

• The ability of a population to increase its size rapidly

How does evolvability differ from heritability?

• Evolvability is about how fast evolution can occur, while heritability is not

• Evolvability is just variation, while heritability refers to adaptive variation

• Evolvability takes into account environmental inputs, while heritability does not

• Evolvability is just variation, while heritability refers to the ability to produce adaptive variation

What does evolvability determine about evolution?

• The color of the evolved species

• The size of the evolved population

• The direction that evolution takes

• The number of offspring produced

What aspect does evolvability take into account that affects development?

• Genetic inputs only

• Environmental inputs only

• Both genetic and environmental inputs

• Neither genetic nor environmental inputs

Which of the following is NOT one of the initial sources of variation that needs to be accounted for according to the text in the image?

• Development

• Plasticity

• Epigenetics

• Mutation

Which of the following is at the core of Darwinism, the modern synthesis, and the extended evolutionary synthesis (ESS)?

• Gene mutation

• Variation, Inheritance, Selection

• Plasticity

• Evo-devo theory