NOTES-Human Genetics 2/27

What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project?

• To sequence all 3 billion base pairs of human DNA and identify all human genes

• To map the human brain

• To create a new type of genome

• To find a cure for all genetic disorders

What does a karyotype show?

• The locations of genes on a chromosome

• The sequence of a single gene

• The complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size

• Only the sex chromosomes

How many autosomes do humans have?

• 22

• 44

• 23

• 46

What is an example of codominance in human genetics?

• Hair color

• Eye color

• Blood Types (A, B, AB, O)

• Height

How are sex-linked traits passed to offspring?

• Through environmental factors

• Through both X and Y chromosomes with dominant or recessive alleles

• Through the Y chromosome only

• Through autosomes only

What does a human pedigree chart show?

• The genetic makeup of an individual

• The presence or absence of a trait according to the relationship within a family across several generations

• The sequence of genes on a chromosome

• The potential for developing a genetic disorder

What is a characteristic symptom of Down Syndrome?

• Mental deterioration and uncontrollable movements

• Mild to severe mental retardation and a high frequency of certain birth defects

• Inability to transport chloride ions

• More rigid red blood cells

What causes Cystic Fibrosis according to the text?

• A defective allele for beta-globin

• Cell membranes are unable to transport chloride ions

• A repeat of amino acid Guanine in brain cells

• Nondisjunction of chromosome pair 21

What is the function of restriction enzymes in the context of the Human Genome Project?

• To replicate DNA base by base

• To cure genetic disorders

• To identify individuals

• To cut DNA at a sequence of nucleotides

What did the Human Genome Project identify about human DNA?

• It created a new type of DNA

• It found a cure for all genetic diseases

• It identified about three million locations where single-base DNA differences occur in humans

• It changed the structure of human DNA