Interception of communications

Which case first caused the UK government to introduce legislation to regulate the circumstances in which telephone and mail can be intercepted?

• Khan (Sultan)

• Malone v UK

• Handyside v UK

Which statement most accurately sums up when the police can bug under s93(2) Police Act 1997?

• Some value in the prevention and detection of serious crime and objective cannot reasonably be achieved by other means

• Substantial value in the prevention and detection of serious crime and objective cannot reasonably be achieved by other means

• Substantial value in the prevention and detection of serious crime and objective may reasonably be achieved by other means

• Some value in the prevention and detection of serious crime and objective can reasonably be achieved by other means

What did the case of Khan (Sultan) concern?

• Use of a human source

• Intercepting emails

• Intercepting post

• Installation of a bugging device

Which of these is NOT surveillance?

• listening

• observing

• imitating

• monitoring

Under the Investigatory Powers Act 2016, the 'double - lock' means that who must approve the most intrusive powers?

• Secretary of State and senior judge

• Secretary of State and Attorney General

• Attorney General and Prime Minister

• Justice Secretary and Attorney General

Which Act allows for the 'bulk' collection of data and has therefore been nicknamed the 'Snooper's Charter'?

• Interception of Communications Act 1985

• Police Act 1997

• Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

• Investigatory Powers Act 2016

TRUE or FALSE: generally speaking, evidence gained by interception is inadmissible in a UK Court.

• TRUE

• FALSE

What type of covert evidence is allowed in court, due to a legal loophole?

• Emails sent by prisoners

• Taped phone conversations made by prisoners

• Letters sent by prisoners

Article 8(2) sets out how Article 8 can be lawfully restricted. Which of these is NOT within Article 8(2)?

• Necessary and proportionate

• Fulfils a legitimate aim

• Is consistent within the 'margin of appreciation'

• Is in accordance with the law

Before 1985, the conditions for issuing warrants for interception were laid down in ______________ rules