Planning and Decision Making

What are the two major components of planning?

• Vision and mission

• Goals and plans

• Targets and benchmarks

• Goals and objectives

What is the ultimate goal of specific aims within an organization?

• Tactical goals

• Vision

• Operational goals

• Strategic goals

What are the pull strategy for customers?

• Bonus

• Allowances

• Direct Marketing

• Training

Management by Objectives (MBO) is a management technique used at all levels of an oragnization to develop and execute tactical plans. MBO is based on ___?

• Goals, Participations, feedbacks

• Goals, Planning, Product development

• Goals, Contingency planning, Feedbacks

• Goals, Mission, Strategic planning

What are the process of MBO after formulate the action plans?

• Incorporates managers and subordinates

• Give-and-take among levels

• Appraise employees

• Execute, training and support employees

What is the main difference between project and program management?

• Project management are project based on specific single objectives, while program management are wide-ranging involves business strategy

• Project management are made by individuals, while program management are made by groups

• Progject are made by top-level management, while program decisions are made by lower-level management

• Project management involve creativity, while program management involve clear-cut mechanical procedures

Planning for change involves stretch goals and benchmarking. Benchmarking is a process of identifying outstanding practices, process and standards in ___ ?

• other individu and adopting them to corporate

• NGO and adapting them to community

• other organisations and adapting them to an organisation

• CSR and adopting them to an organisation

Cross functional, internal and external communication, overlapping development phases and ___ is key factors for rapid product development.

• Speed up the decision-making process

• Frequent testing of product prototypes

• Decrease group commitment

• Team spirit

The important elements of organisational goals in a planning process are:

• Goals contraint timeline

• Goals reduce motivations

• Goals increase performance

• Goals forth greater effort

What is the role of tactical goals within an organization?

• Address specific measurable outcomes required from lower levels

• Set broad defined goals or targeted outcomes

• Address issues concerning the organization as a whole

• Specify what has to be done by departments or units to achieve strategic goals