Holzel and K&D

Dream recall was higher in:

• REM sleep

• n-REM sleep

• Both REM and n-REM sleep equally

• Neither REM nor n-REM sleep

The study concluded that:

• Dreaming primarily occurs in n-REM sleep

• There is a strong correlation between REM sleep and dreaming

• Dreaming occurs during wakefulness

• Dreaming is unrelated to sleep stages

Which stage of sleep is associated with vivid dreaming?

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

• Stage 3

• REM sleep

What is a common challenge in studying the correlation between sleep stages and dreaming?

• Difficulty in controlling dream content

• Difficulty in waking up the subject

• Difficulty in measuring sleep stages

• Difficulty in interpreting dream symbols

How does sleep resemble wakefulness?

• Our eyes move.

• We often experience vivid thoughts (in the form of dreams while asleep).

• Our brains are active.

• All of these.

Which of the following was NOT an aim of the Dement & Kleitman study?

• to test whether eye-movement patterns are related to dream content

• to test whether waking someone from deep sleep causes later insomnia

• to investigate whether there is a positive correlation between subjective estimates of dream duration and the length of the REM period

• to test whether dream recall differs between REM and nREM sleep

The sample consisted of:

• 4 adults tested in depth

• 3 children, 6 adults

• 5 adults tested in depth,4 for confirmation only

• 5 adults , 4 children

During the experiment, participants were woken after 5 minute’s or 25 minute’s sleep:

• True

• false

The data gathered were:

• Qualitative

• Quantitative

• Both

• None

Because the laboratory experiment was used, there are :

• High control of extraneous variables

• High ecological validity

• Can easily replicate the study

• Cheap and less time-consuming