4 Released Ecosystems Ohio State Test Questions -

5. Read question 5 and then select the option below that correctly completes the food web. *There is more than one correct way to answer but only one correct option is given below.

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6. Read question 6 and then select the option below that correctly answers the question.

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7. Grasshoppers, cactus plants, lizards, and rattlesnakes are organisms found in a desert ecosystem. Which activity in a desert ecosystem increases the amount of energy available to living things?

• Rattlesnakes search for small rodents and mammals for food.
• Cactus plants change sunlight into food and grow larger.
• Lizards feed on the ants that crawl out of ant holes.
• Grasshoppers sit in the sunlight and chirp.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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8. Read question 8 and then determine which option below correctly answers the questions.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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9. The diagram below illustrates the relationship between species in the Antarctic food web. Suppose the squid population in the Antarctic declines. Identify one other population that would decline as a result of fewer squid. Identify one population that would increase as a result of fewer squid.

• The population of Krill would increase and Herbivorous Zooplankton would decline.
• The population of Herbivorous Zooplankton would increase and Elephant Seals would decline.
• The population of Elephant Seals would increase and Krill would decrease.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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12. This food web shows how energy flowed through part of the Lake Erie ecosystem. The round goby is a non-native fish species that was accidentally introduced into the lake ecosystem in the1990’s. Goby eat insects, worms, clams, and the eggs of many native fish. After their introduction, the population of goby increased quickly. Which graph would be a good prediction of changes resulting from the introduction of goby?

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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19. PART A: (Read carefully.) Leaf cutter ants collect small leaf pieces and carry them back to their nest. The ants do not eat the leaf pieces. The leaf pieces are used as a food source for a fungus that grows in the ants’ nest. The fungus grows by breaking down the leaf pieces for energy, and the ants eat the fungus for food. Which diagram models the flow of energy in this small ecosystem?

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19. PART B: How is the diagram you chose in Part A of question 18 different from diagrams that model most other ecosystems?

• Consumers act as producers in the diagram.
• Producers in the diagram provide energy to consumers.
• Consumers in the diagram get energy directly from the sun.
• Energy flows from decomposers to consumers in this diagram.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

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22. Part A: Scientists study hippopotamuses (hippos), ticks, and carp (a species of fish) living in a river ecosystem. The hippos eat grasses, the ticks live on the skin of the hippos and feed on their blood, and the carp eat the ticks and algae. While studying the ecosystem, the scientists notice that the number of carp in the river has increased. Draw a line on the graph to show the change in the number of ticks due to the increase in carp. The beginning population is plotted on the graph. Select the TWO correct options below.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

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22. Part B: Scientists study hippopotamuses (hippos), ticks, and carp (a species of fish) living in a river ecosystem. The hippos eat grasses, the ticks live on the skin of the hippos and feed on their blood, and the carp eat the ticks and algae. Which organism(s) on the food web is part of a mutualistic relationship in the river ecosystem?

• Ticks and Hippos
• Hippos and Aquatic Grasses
• Carp and Ticks
• Carp and Hippos

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2