Interim 3 Practice (Geology and Human Impact/ Conservation)

Which of the following explains how the movement of the lithospheric plates creates mountains through folding and faulting?

• Folding occurs when plates collide and push up, while faulting occurs when plates pull apart.

• Folding occurs when plates pull apart, while faulting occurs when plates collide and push up.

• Folding occurs when plates push on top of each other, while faulting occurs when plates collide and push down.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Consider this diagram of the rock cycle.

Do metamorphic rocks have to become igneous rocks before changing into sedimentary rocks? Why or why not?

• No, because metamorphic rocks can undergo weathering and erosion to form sediments which will form sedimentary rocks.

• No, because metamorphic rocks melt and cool to form igneous rocks which weather and erode to form sediments which become sedimentary rocks.

• Yes, because metamorphic rocks melt and cool to form igneous rocks which weather and erode to form sediments which become sedimentary rocks.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

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Which TWO would MOST LIKELY happen if the speed of the river decreased?

• Erosion of the riverbanks by wind will increase.

• Erosion of the riverbanks by moving water will decrease.

• Deposition in the center of the river channel will increase.

• Deposition will cause a buildup of sediments on the outward curves of the river.

For many years, scientists have researched the relationship between the movement of lithospheric plates and the formation of volcanoes. One of the most important pieces of evidence is the Ring of Fire which gets its name from the numerous volcanoes forming a ring around the Pacific Ocean.

Which TWO statements explain how the Ring of Fire supports the relationship between the movement of the plates and the formation of volcanoes?

• Most of the volcanoes formed along plate boundaries.

• The Mid-Atlantic Ridge formed along underwater volcanoes.

• Trenches were formed by the subduction of convergent plates.

• Volcanoes formed as the plates rotated in a circle and stopped in their present position.

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Which argument BEST explains the age of the layers?

• Layer A is the oldest layer.

• Layers G and Z are older than layers F and Y.

• Layers C and E occurred during the same time period.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Ms. Smith's science class is studying the structure of soil by simulating the three soil layers beneath the topsoil found in Georgia using loam, sand, clay, and gravel. The class filled boxes with three layers and planted grass to see how the layers affected plant growth. 

Based on the evidence, what is the BEST explanation of the effect that the soil layers have on grass growth, and why?

• The grass plants obtained for the layers shown in box 2 grew well because the roots had enough water. 

• The grass plants obtained for the layers shown in box 3 did not grow well because the clay was too soft for the roots to grow. 

• The grass plants obtained for the layers shown in box 4 grew through the sand/clay layer into the sand/clay/loam layer because water from the sand/clay layer on top drained down toward the sand/gravel layer.

• The grass plants obtained for the layers shown in box 1 grew larger because the combination of sand, clay, and loam in the top layer allowed the roots to penetrate deep into the soil sublayers.

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Around 66 million years ago, scientists believe that an asteroid hit the Earth causing the extinction of over 75% of all living species on the planet. Evidence for this asteroid impact has been found all around the world known as the K-T boundary layer. 

Which is the BEST explanation for how the K-T boundary marks the end of the age of dinosaurs and the beginning of the age of mammals?

• There is no evidence for the existence of dinosaurs in the sedimentary rock layers above the K-T boundary, while there is evidence for birds and warm-blooded animals.

• In the sedimentary rock below the K-T boundary, there is no evidence for dinosaurs, while above the K-T boundary there is fossil evidence for dinosaurs, birds, and later mammals.

• In the layers of sedimentary rock below the K-T boundary, there is fossil evidence on dinosaurs, birds, and most mammals, but above the layer there is only fossil evidence for birds and mamm

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

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Sean's Science class had been studying rocks that are found in different areas and how they can be affected by physical weathering.  Sean knows that physical weathering is caused by different weather conditions that will alter the rock.

Which question would be BEST for Sean to ask to determine what type of physical weathering has caused the depressions in the rocks?

• Are the depressions in the rocks caused by animals?

• Have chemicals been sprayed on the rocks in the past?

• Is there a water source that flows through the rock formation?

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which is an example of chemical weathering?

• acid rain

• thermal expansion

• water freezing

• wind

As shown in the picture, weathering causes rocks to break down and produce sediments. These sediments are carried by the rainwater to another place.

• The large rocks help the rainwater by breaking up into smaller pieces.

• The wind is helping the rainwater by blowing the sediment down the hill.

• The grass is helping the rainwater by pulling the sediments down the hill.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

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