2.3 Optimising Production

What is the purpose of designing chemical synthesis processes?

• To simplify chemical reactions into a single step

• To construct reaction pathways that may include more than one chemical reaction

• To reduce the number of byproducts produced

• To eliminate the need for raw materials

What can flowcharts in industrial chemical processes help identify?

• The CEO of the chemical company

• The temperature and pressure conditions only

• The final product only

• Raw materials, chemicals present at different steps, waste products, and byproducts

What are raw materials defined as?

• Only materials that are in their natural form

• Starting materials converted through chemical and physical processes

• Materials that are only used as catalysts

• Materials that are not used in the process

What is a byproduct?

• Unused raw materials

• A product other than the final product which has some type of commercial value

• A product that is the main goal of the chemical process

• A product with no commercial value

What is the impact of increasing temperature on the rate of chemical processes?

• Makes the process unsafe

• Increases the rate

• Has no effect on the rate

• Decreases the rate

What does Le Chatelier's principle imply about the effect of increased pressure on yield?

• It always decreases yield regardless of the moles of reactants and products

• It decreases yield if the number of moles of reactants is greater than products

• It increases yield if the number of moles of reactants is greater than products

• It has no effect on yield

What are the ideal conditions to maximize yield in the contact process?

• High temperatures and high pressures

• Low temperatures and high pressures

• Low temperatures and low pressures

• High temperatures and low pressures

What is the role of a catalyst in chemical processes?

• To reduce operating costs and can often be reused

• To act as a raw material in the process

• To reduce the rate of reaction

• To increase the need for higher temperatures and pressures

What is the environmental impact of using high temperatures and pressures in manufacturing?

• Decreases energy demands

• Increases the manufacturer's energy demands

• Has no impact on the environment

• Reduces the production of photochemical smog

Why are actual conditions used in the contact process different from the ideal conditions?

• To make the process unsafe

• Because actual conditions result in a higher yield

• To decrease the rate of reaction

• Because ideal conditions are often too expensive to achieve