Chapter 8 Review - AP Biology - Intro to Metabolism

The capacity to cause change, especially to do work.

• Energy

• mechanical energy
• potential energy
• nuclear energy

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NGSS.HS-PS3-1

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Match the following vocabulary words with its definiton.

• Substrate

• An organic molecule serving as a cofactor

• Enzyme

• A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

• Catalyst

• A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

• Coenzyme

• A reactant on which an enzyme works

• Cofactor

• Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Match the following vocabulary words with its definition

• Thermal energy

• Kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules; energy in its most random form

• Free energy

• The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or structure

• Kinetic energy

• The portion of a biological system's energy that can perform work when temperatures and pressure are uniform throughout the system

• Potential energy

• Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction

• Chemical energy

• The energy associated with the relative motion of objects

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​ (a)   is a process by which a chemical agent called a catalyst selectively increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. ​

• Catalysis
• Substrate
• Cofactor
• Coenzyme
• Enzyme

Match the following vocabular words and definitions.

• Induced fit

• A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate, whose structure it mimics.

• Noncompetitive inhibitor

• Caused by entry of the substrate, the change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate.

• Competitive inhibitor

• A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing the enzyme's shape so that the active site no longer effectively catalyzes the conversion of substrate to product.

• Energy coupling

• A molecule with a phosphate group covalently bound to it, making it more reactive than the unphosphorylated molecule.

• Phosphorylated intermediate

• In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.

A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).

• Activation energy

• Enzyme substrate complex

• Active site

• Adenosine triphosphate

An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.

• Catalysis

• Adenosine diphosphate

• Adenosine triphosphate

• Phosphorylated intermediate

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Match the following vocabulary words and definitions

• Metabolic pathway

• A spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy

• Catabolic pathway

• A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler molecules

• Anabolic pathway

• A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules

• Exergonic reaction

• A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules

• Endergonic reaction

• A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings

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Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another is known as ​ (a)  

• heat
• light
• friction
• thermal energy
• energy

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Match the following vocabulary words and definitions

• Thermodynamics

• A process that occurs without an overall input of energy

• Activation energy

• A measure of molecular disorder, or randomness

• Entropy

• The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

• Bioenergetics

• The study of how energy flows through living organisms

• Spontaneous process

• The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.