BIO 3C Vocabulary

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

• Manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology
• The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
• analysis of fragments of DNA as a form of identification a pattern of line created to see DNA
• Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA

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DNA replication

• all of an organism's genetic material
• A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
• The process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules
• An organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a purine or pyrimidine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA

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Gene therapy

• An organism that contains genes from another species
• Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism.
• Treatment involving the introduction of genes into a patient's cells to treat or prevent disease
• all of an organism's genetic material

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Genetic engineering

• A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
• Manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology
• the nearly perfect fit between A-T and G-C nucleotides
• discovered that A=T and G=C

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Proteome

• Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism.
• The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism
• all the RNA molecules transcribed from a genome
• An organism that contains genes from another species

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Transgenic organism

• An organism that contains genes from another species
• the nearly perfect fit between A-T and G-C nucleotides
• transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
• Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism.

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Watson and Crick

• Scientists who proposed the double helix structure of DNA
• Treatment involving the introduction of genes into a patient's cells to treat or prevent disease
• a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

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base pairing

• Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism.
• The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
• the nearly perfect fit between A-T and G-C nucleotides
• Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

chromosome

• A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.
• Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism.
• ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
• The process of copying DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules

Cloning

• Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
• Making a genetically identical copy of DNA or of an organism.
• An organism that contains genes from another species
• discovered that A=T and G=C

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